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DPT706: Movement Science > Introduction to Motor Learning and Motor Control > Flashcards

Introduction to Motor Learning and Motor Control Flashcards

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1
Q

Match the terms:

  1. Motor Development
  2. Motor Control
  3. Motor Learning

a. Physiological
b. Behavioral
c. Growth

A
  1. Motor Development = c. Growth
  2. Motor Control = a. Physiological
  3. Motor Learning = b. Behavioral
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2
Q

Select the proper term:

Motor skill changes across the lifespan:

a. Motor Development
b. Motor Control
c. Motor Learning

A

a. Motor Development

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3
Q

Select the proper term:

Also known as neuromuscular control:

a. Motor Development
b. Motor Control
c. Motor Learning

A

b. Motor Control

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4
Q

Select the proper term:

Knowledge of this area influences how we approach optimal growth, preservation of motor skill, and recovery after injury or disease.

a. Motor Development
b. Motor Control
c. Motor Learning

A

a. Motor Development

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5
Q

Select the proper term:

Emphasizes brain’s role in acquiring, planning, initiating, and modifying movement skills.

a. Motor Development
b. Motor Control
c. Motor Learning

A

c. Motor Learning

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6
Q

Select the proper term:

The function and coordinated interaction of systems that execute and monitor movements.

a. Motor Development
b. Motor Control
c. Motor Learning

A

b. Motor Control

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7
Q

What are the 5 attributes of Motor Skills?

A
  1. Goal-oriented
  2. Body and/or limb movements are required to accomplish the goal
  3. Voluntary
  4. Developed as a result of practice
  5. May be learned recalled, relearned, and modified.
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8
Q

Define learning.

A

A relatively permanent change in a person’s capability to execute a motor skill as a result of practice or experience.

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9
Q

Movement involves the interaction of what 3 elements?

A
  1. Task
  2. Person
  3. Environment
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10
Q

What lies at the center of the 3 elements of movement?

A

Motor Skill

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11
Q

What are the 4 primary factors of a person that go into learning? Give at least one examples of each?

A
  1. Personal Characteristics
    - Age, Experience
  2. Cognition
    - Motivation, memory, attention, emotion
  3. Anatomy
    - Anthropometrics, muscle/joint function
  4. Perception
    - Sensory Processing
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12
Q

Choose the proper category:
Inherited Traits

a. Abilities
b. Skills

A

a. Abilities

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13
Q

Choose the proper category:
Developed with practice (learned)

a. Abilities
b. Skills

A

b. Skills

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14
Q

Choose the proper category:
Modifiable

a. Abilities
b. Skills

A

b. Skills

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15
Q

Choose the proper category:
Stable and Enduring

a. Abilities
b. Skills

A

a. Abilities

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16
Q

Choose the proper category:
Many in number

a. Abilities
b. Skills

A

b. Skills

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17
Q

Choose the proper category:
Depend on different subsets (person, task, environment)

a. Abilities
b. Skills

A

b. Skills

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18
Q

Choose the proper category:
Few in number

a. Abilities
b. Skills

A

a. Abilities

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19
Q

Choose the proper category:
Underlie performance of many skills (i.e. they must be in place to become highly skillful)

a. Abilities
b. Skills

A

a. Abilities

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20
Q

Choose the proper category for the Motor Ability:
Control Precision

a. Perceptual-Motor
b. Physical
c. Coordination

A

a. Perceptual-Motor

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21
Q

Choose the proper category for the Motor Ability:
Movement Rate

a. Perceptual-Motor
b. Physical
c. Coordination

A

c. Coordination

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22
Q

Choose the proper category for the Motor Ability:
Explosive Strength

a. Perceptual-Motor
b. Physical
c. Coordination

A

b. Physical

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23
Q

What are the 3 categories of Fleishman’s Motor Abilities?

A
  1. Perceptual-Motor
  2. Physical
  3. Coordination
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24
Q

What are the 6 clinical questions to consider for a person?

A
  1. Does the person possess the underlying abilities
  2. Does the person have previous similar experience
  3. Is the person motivated
  4. Is the task developmentally appropriate
  5. Does the person have adequate problem solving capabilities?
  6. What is the underlying capacity for neuroplastic change?
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25
Q

What three events can cause significant cortical reorganization after CNS lesions?

A
  1. Stroke
  2. Spinal Injury
  3. Traumatic Brain Injury
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26
Q

T/F:

The Primary Motor Cortex (M1) undergoes changes such as reorganization in a person with LBP or ACL Inury.

A

True

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27
Q

T/F:

Increases in cortical excitability are lesser later in the day than in a.m.

A

False:

Increases in cortical excitability are GREATER later in the day than in a.m.

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28
Q

T/F:

Plasticity protocols applied repeatedly at short intervals = increase in plastic change.

A

True

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29
Q

T/F:

Ability for focused attention and medication play into a persons neroplasticitiy.

A

True

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30
Q

T/F:
Individuals who rarely engage in aerobic activity have greater capacity for plastic change and enhanced learning/memory than active.

A

False:
Individuals who REGULARLY engage in aerobic activity have greater capacity for plastic change and enhanced learning/memory than SEDENTARY.

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31
Q

T/F:

Young/middle aged show lesser magnitude plasticity than > 60 years of age.

A

False:

Young/middle aged show GREATER magnitude plasticity than > 60 years of age.

32
Q

Describe the role of BDNF

A

Neurotrophins: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (aka BDNF) contribute to altering brain connectivity.

33
Q

What result does a polymorphism in BDNF gene have?

A

Large % of population has polymorphism in BDNF gene that reduces capacity of for plastic change.

34
Q

What is the greatest modaility to promote beneficial neuroplastic change with movement dysfunction?

A

Physical Activity

35
Q

You as the physical therapist will determine the _____, ______, _____, and ______ to plan rehabilitation to achieve optimal motor performance.

A

You as the physical therapist will determine the MEANS, ENVIRONMENT, DOSAGE, and COGNITIVE FACTORS to plan rehabilitation to achieve optimal motor performance.

36
Q

What is the first classification of motor skills: task?

A

Movement Precision

37
Q

What 2 subcategories is Classification 1: Movement Precision split up into?

A
  1. Gross Motor

2. Fine Motor

38
Q

Choose the proper category of Movement Prevision:
Usually multi-limb movement; large muscles activated.

a. Gross Motor
b. Fine Motor

A

a. Gross Motor

39
Q

Choose the proper category of Movement Prevision:
Less emphasis on precision.

a. Gross Motor
b. Fine Motor

A

a. Gross Motor

40
Q

Choose the proper category of Movement Prevision:
Involves precise movement with smaller muscles.

a. Gross Motor
b. Fine Motor

A

b. Fine Motor

41
Q

Rank the following task/skills from most Fine Motor to most Gross Motor

a. Kicking a soccer ball
b. Walking with crutches
c. Making a surgical incision
d. Picking up a paper clip

A

Fine Motor

1) c. Making a surgical incision
2) d. Picking up a paper clip
3) a. Kicking a soccer ball
4) b. Walking with crutches

Gross Motor

42
Q

What is the second classification of motor skills: task?

A

Nature of Movement Orientation

43
Q

What 3 subcategories is Classification 2: Movement Precision split up into?

A
  1. Discrete Skill
  2. Continuous Skill
  3. Serial Skill
44
Q

Choose the proper category of Nature of Movement Organization:
single execution completes task

a. Discrete Skill
b. Continuous Skill
c. Serial Skill

A

a. Discrete Skill

45
Q

Choose the proper category of Nature of Movement Organization:
requires a series of movements to complete task

a. Discrete Skill
b. Continuous Skill
c. Serial Skill

A

c. Serial Skill

46
Q

Choose the proper category of Nature of Movement Organization:
beginning and ending are well defined

a. Discrete Skill
b. Continuous Skill
c. Serial Skill

A

a. Discrete Skill

47
Q

Choose the proper category of Nature of Movement Organization:
typically rhythmic or repetitive in nature

a. Discrete Skill
b. Continuous Skill
c. Serial Skill

A

b. Continuous Skill

48
Q

Choose the proper category of Nature of Movement Organization:
collective sequence of discrete skills

a. Discrete Skill
b. Continuous Skill
c. Serial Skill

A

c. Serial Skill

49
Q

Choose the proper category of Nature of Movement Organization:
beginning and end are arbitrary or environmentally defined (i.e. externally paced)

a. Discrete Skill
b. Continuous Skill
c. Serial Skill

A

b. Continuous Skill

50
Q

Choose the proper category of Nature of Movement Organization:
Golf Swing

a. Discrete Skill
b. Continuous Skill
c. Serial Skill

A

a. Discrete Skill

51
Q

Choose the proper category of Nature of Movement Organization:
Transferring from a wheelchair to bed

a. Discrete Skill
b. Continuous Skill
c. Serial Skill

A

c. Serial Skill

52
Q

What is the third classification of motor skills: task?

A

Environmental Predictability

53
Q

What 2 subcategories is Classification 3: Environmental Predictability split up into?

A
  1. Closed Skill

2. Open Skill

54
Q

Choose the proper category of Environmental Predictability:
variable and unpredictable

a. Open Skill
b. Closed Skill

A

a. Open Skill

55
Q

Choose the proper category of Environmental Predictability:
Consistency and Refinement are the objectives

a. Open Skill
b. Closed Skill

A

b. Closed Skill

56
Q

Choose the proper category of Environmental Predictability:
Environmental context features are stationary.

a. Open Skill
b. Closed Skill

A

b. Closed Skill

57
Q

Choose the proper category of Environmental Predictability:
High level of predictability

a. Open Skill
b. Closed Skill

A

b. Closed Skill

58
Q

Choose the proper category of Environmental Predictability:
Supporting surfaces, objects, and/or other people are in motion during skill performance

a. Open Skill
b. Closed Skill

A

a. Open Skill

59
Q

Choose the proper category of Environmental Predictability:
Adaptability is key objective

a. Open Skill
b. Closed Skill

A

a. Open Skill

60
Q

T/F:
For Classification 3: Environmental Predictability, the stability of the environment may impact the learner differently depending on the stage of learning.

A

True

61
Q

For Classification 3: Environmental Predictability: Describe why a open or closed environment may be beneficial during early learning.

A

During early learning, a CLOSED environment may be beneficial:
requires fewer demands on information processing systems.

62
Q

For Classification 3: Environmental Predictability: Describe why a open or closed environment may be beneficial with advanced learning.

A

With advanced learning, OPEN environment may be better:

as it provides greater variability for greater diversification of skill performance.

63
Q

Classify the skill:

Free Throw Shot

  1. Open / Closed
  2. Discrete / Continuous / Serial
  3. Gross / Fine
A
  1. Closed
  2. Discrete
  3. Gross
64
Q

Classify the skill:

Sign Language

  1. Open / Closed
  2. Discrete / Continuous / Serial
  3. Gross / Fine
A
  1. Closed
  2. Serial
  3. Fine
65
Q

Classify the skill:

Brushing Teeth

  1. Open / Closed
  2. Discrete / Continuous / Serial
  3. Gross / Fine
A
  1. Closed
  2. Discrete
  3. Fine
66
Q

Classify the skill:

Dribbling soccer ball during game

  1. Open / Closed
  2. Discrete / Continuous / Serial
  3. Gross / Fine
A
  1. Open
  2. Continuous
  3. Gross
67
Q

Classify the skill:

Using a fork to eat

  1. Open / Closed
  2. Discrete / Continuous / Serial
  3. Gross / Fine
A
  1. Closed
  2. Discrete
  3. Fine and Gross?
68
Q

Classify the skill:

Performing soft tissue mobilization

  1. Open / Closed
  2. Discrete / Continuous / Serial
  3. Gross / Fine
A
  1. Closed
  2. Serial
  3. Fine and Gross?
69
Q

Classify the skill:

Walking down stairs on crutches

  1. Open / Closed
  2. Discrete / Continuous / Serial
  3. Gross / Fine
A
  1. Closed
  2. Serial
  3. Gross
70
Q

Classify the skill:

Walking through a parking lot on crutches

  1. Open / Closed
  2. Discrete / Continuous / Serial
  3. Gross / Fine
A
  1. Open
  2. Continuous
  3. Gross
71
Q

What is Gentile’s Two-Dimensional Taxonomy? (2 subcategories)

A

Combines movement precision and environmental stability

  1. Environmental Context
  2. Action Function
72
Q

How is Environment broken down in Gentile’s Two-Dimensional Taxonomy?

A

Stationary (closed skill)

  • High Variability
  • No Variability

In Motion (open skill)

  • High Variability
  • No Variability
73
Q

How would you classify a batter at the plates Environment in Gentile’s Two-Dimensional Taxonomy?

A

Stationary (Closed Skill) - High Variability

74
Q

How is Function of Action broken down in Gentile’s Two-Dimensional Taxonomy?

A

Stable Body

  • Object
  • No Object

Mobile

  • Object
  • No Object
75
Q

Add notecards for exercise on d2l

A

do it.

DPT706: Movement Science (3 decks)

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