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Microbiology Module 1 > Introduction to Microbiology Techniques > Flashcards

Introduction to Microbiology Techniques Flashcards

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0
Q

non selective, nutrient media, supports large number of organisms, ex t-soy and sheep blood agar

A

Primary Isolation Media

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1
Q

Known amounts of pure chemical substances, predictable and reproducible, ideal for all media

A

Defined

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2
Q

contains inhibitors to retard some organisms, ex MAC, HEK, XLD

A

selective isolation media

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3
Q

indicators allow recognition of certain biochemical reactions, ex MAC (those that utilize lactose and those that do not)

A

Differential Media

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4
Q

Promote growth of some organisms, contains enrichments, ex CHOC, often incubated in CO2 incubator for growth of fastidious organisms

A

Enrichment Media

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5
Q

allows survival of organisms for extended periods, limit sugars (or add extra buffer to counteract acids in sugar fermentation) and avoid selective agents

A

Maintenance media

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6
Q

inhibit growth of unwanted organisms (usual flora), only used in selective media, mostly used in specimens with mixed normal flora, selectivity is also concentration dependent

A

Selective Agents

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7
Q

selective agent dye that inhibits GP and fastidious GN

A

Brilliant Green

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8
Q

selective agent DYES that inhibit GP

A

Eosin, Methylene Blue, Basic Fuchsin

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9
Q

Heavy metal that inhibits GP and most GN

A

Bismuth

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10
Q

used for isolation of salmonella (GN)

A

Bismuth Sulfide Agar

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11
Q

Dyes, Heavy Metals, antimicrobials, and other chemicals are used as _____

A

Selective Agents

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12
Q

chemical that inhibits GP, Blue

A

Citrate

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13
Q

chemical that inhibits GP, Bile Salts

A

Sodium desoxycholate

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14
Q

Chemicals that inhibit GN

A

Phenylethyl alcohol and Azide

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15
Q

high conc. of this are inhibitory to most organisms (except staphylococcus)

A

NaCl

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16
Q

this agar is used to isolate staph

A

Mannitol Salt Agar

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17
Q

binds O2 in anearobic medium

A

reducing agents

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18
Q

oxidation-reduction potential in anearobic medium

A

Eh indicators

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19
Q

areas with flora usually require use of what kind of media?

A

Selective and Differential

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20
Q

this media is often added on specimens from normally sterile areas

A

enrichment media

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21
Q

used in most laboratories on ALL routine specimens, best medium for colonial morphology, only medium used for determination of hemolysis

A

Sheep Blood Agar

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22
Q

most frequently used liquid medium for cultivation of organisms from original specimens (swabs, CSF fluids, etc), enriched but will NOT support growth of many fastidious organisms, anaerobes will grow in lower levels in this because of less O2 tension

A

Thioglycollate Broth

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23
Q

selective agar, antibiotics inhibit most GN organisms, appearance is similar to SBA

A

Colistin Nalidixic Acid (CNA) Agar

24
Q

selective and differential agar, GP organisms INHIBITED (crystal violet and bile salts), used for isolating and differentiating GNR’s

A

MacConkey Agar (MAC)

25
Q

Lactose positive colonies are _______

A

Dark Pink

26
Q

Lactose Negative colonies are _______

A

very light pink

27
Q

Selective and differential agar, GP organisms INHIBITED, used for isolating and differentiating GNR’s (lactose and other CHO’s), used primarily for isolating pathogens in stool

A

Xylose, Lysine, Desoxycholate Agar (XLD)

28
Q

color of CHO positive on XLD plate

A

yellow

29
Q

color of CHO negative on XLD plate

A

clear/red (color of original medium)

30
Q

color of H2S producing organism on XLD plate

A

Black

31
Q

Selective and differential agar, GP organisms inhibited by bile salts, used for isolating and differentiating GNR’s (Lactose and other CHO’s), used primarily for isolating pathogens in stool

A

Hektoen Agar (HE or HEK)

32
Q

color of CHO positive organisms on HE or HEK plate

A

orange

33
Q

color of CHO negative organisms on HE or HEK plate

A

clear/green (color of original medium)

34
Q

color of H2S producing organisms on HE or HEK plate

A

black

35
Q

Selective and differential agar, Inhibits GP organisms, often used for E. coli identification (green sheen)

A

Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB)

36
Q

enrichment media, no selective agents, supports growth of most organisms and many fastidious organisms, particularly Haemophilus and Neisseria, used for spinal fluid

A

chocolate agar

37
Q

selective enrichment agar, chocolate agar with antimicrobials, primarily used on genital or rectal specimens for isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Neisseria meningitidis while inhibiting usual flora

A

Martin-Lewis, Thayer Martin Media

38
Q

Used to disinfect non-metallic surfaces, effective against HIV and HBV

A

sodium hypochlorite (bleach) for table tops

39
Q

Autoclave temp, psi , and time

A

121’C, 15 psi, and 15-20 min (not for large volumes)

40
Q

List 3 Aerobes…

A

obligate aerobe, microaerophile, facultative anaerobe

41
Q

List 3 anaerobes…

A

aerotolerant anaerobes, moderate obligate anaerobes, strict obligate anaerobes

42
Q

Incubation condition for ambient air or non-CO2 incubator

A

21% O2, 0.03% CO2 (room air), aerobic

43
Q

incubation conditions for CO2 incubator

A

15% O2, 5-10% CO2 (room air w/ extra CO2 pumped in) , aerobic

44
Q

Incubation conditions for microaerophilic incubator

A

5% O2, 10%CO2, aerobic

45
Q

Incubation conditions for anaerobic incubator

A

0% O2, 5-10% CO2

46
Q

where do we put biochemicals, differential media, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests?

A

ambient air incubators

47
Q

where do we put primary plates and fastidious organisms?

A

CO2 Incubators (capnophilic)

48
Q

these provide initial clue to cause of infection, may dictate therapy decisions, evaluate quality of specimen, tells us if we need additional media, determines if we should QC for culture results

A

Direct Smears

49
Q

primary stain in gram stain (add Na Bicarbonate buffer)

A

crystal violet

50
Q

mordant in gram stain, complexes with crystal violet inside cell and makes it difficult to wash out

A

Iodine

51
Q

decolorizer in gram stain

A

acetone/alcohol

52
Q

counterstain in gram stain

A

safranin

53
Q

Have increased peptidoglycan in cell wall which retains crystal violet and will stain dark blue-purple

A

Gram positive

54
Q

Have increased lipid content ,dissolved with acid/alcohol allowing crystal violet to flow out of cell, stains pink-red

A

Gram negative

55
Q

stain useful for high lipids in cell wall where acidified alcohol is used, stains mycobacteria including M. tuberculosis and related bacteria, Ziehl-Neelsen and Kinyoun Methods, stain red=positive blue=negative

A

Acid Fast (AF) stains

56
Q

stains nucleic acid, fluorescent dye, bacteria stain fluorescent yellow, used most often in blood smears

A

acridine orange

57
Q

these methods can be spot tests, chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates by enzymes, slide agglutinations or ELISA, nucleic acid methods, or automated systems

A

Rapid Methods

58
Q

What does MALDI-TOF stand for ?

A

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight

Microbiology Module 1 (2 decks)

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