Introduction to Infectious Diseases

Question 0

infection with sudden onset and usually shorter duration

Answer 0

Acute Infection

Question 1

localization of pus (polys or segmented neutrophils) in a walled off area

Answer 1

Abscess

Question 2

presence of bacteria in blood

Answer 2

bacteremia

Question 3

bacteria “just passing through” blood, temporary such as in brushing teeth/bowel movements

Answer 3

transient bacteremia

Question 4

bacteremia wiith multiplication of bacteria and host signs/symptoms

Answer 4

septicemia (sepsis)

Question 5

host harboring a pathogen without manifesting symptoms (can transmit)

Answer 5

carriers (carrier state)

Question 6

involvement and spreads between layers of subcutaneous tissues

Answer 6

cellulitis

Question 7

long standing infection

Answer 7

chronic infection

Question 8

Center for Disease Control (Atlanta, GA)

Answer 8

CDC

Question 9

population of a body site with microorganisms that are not causing disease

Answer 9

colonization

Question 10

one benefits but no harm to other

Answer 10

commensal

Question 11

spread of infection to distant sites

Answer 11

dissemination

Question 12

accumulation of fluid in tissues due to increased vascularization (swelling)

Answer 12

edema

Question 13

disease or organism indigenous to a certain geographic area

Answer 13

endemic

Question 14

infection from hosts own flora (peritonitis, urinary tract infection, etc)

Answer 14

endogenous infection

Question 15

disease affecting large number of people in a geographical area

Answer 15

epidemic

Question 16

redness (increased blood flow to area)

Answer 16

erythema

Question 17

agent acquired from outside of hosts body

Answer 17

exogenous infection

Question 18

“usual”, “normal”, indigenous, frequently found in that body site in healthy individuals

Answer 18

flora

Question 19

chronic inflammation with collection (mass) of macrophages, usually forming small nodules

Answer 19

granuloma

Question 20

occurs as a result of medical procedure (urine catheterization, transplant, etc)

Answer 20

latrogenic infection

Question 21

ability to penetrate and grow in tissues (may be local or disseminated)

Answer 21

invasion

Question 22

number of cases of a disease

Answer 22

morbidity

Question 23

number of deaths caused by a disease

Answer 23

mortality

Question 24

cell/tissue death, usually caused by enzymes or restriction of blood flow

Answer 24

necrosis

Question 25

hospital acquired

Answer 25

nosocomial

Question 26

cause disease only if host is compromised

Answer 26

opportunistic pathogen

Question 27

one organism benefits at expense of another (small % of bacteria are parasitic)

Answer 27

parasite

Question 28

capable of causing disease

Answer 28

pathogen (pathogenic) or Virulent

Question 29

ingestion by white blood cell

Answer 29

phagocytosis

Question 30

both benefit

Answer 30

symbiotic

Question 31

ability to cause disease

Answer 31

virulence

Question 32

acquired from contact with animals

Answer 32

zoonotic

Question 33

what types of behavior by humans cause infectious diseases?

Answer 33

overcrowding, trade practices, travel, domestication of animals, and sexual practices

Question 34

Old infections with new concerns

Answer 34

Tuberculosis, syphilis, Black Plague, influenza, anthrax, small pox

Question 35

Infectious diseases are _____ leading cause of death in US and were #1 until this year

Answer 35

Third

Question 36

List "New" Infectious Diseases

Answer 36

AIDS, Legionnaires Disease, Lyme Disease, Toxic Shock, Ebola, SARS, West Nile, Swine Flu, Hep B, Hep C, Hanta Fever, Resistant and multiresistant (MRSA, VRE, Malaria), and immunocompromised patient infections from normal flora

Question 37

three chronic diseases that have been associated with infectious disease

Answer 37

Helicobacter pylori, Human Papillomavirus, Hep C

Question 38

associated condition of Helicobacter pylori

Answer 38

cause of peptic ulcers

Question 39

associated organism/cause of HPV

Answer 39

cervical cancer, throat cancer

Question 40

associated cause of Hep C

Answer 40

Liver Carcinoma

Question 41

Three elements involved in the "Triad of Infectious Diseases"

Answer 41

Infectious agent, Host , and environment

Question 42

List the bacterial virulence factors (6)

Answer 42

Toxins, Invasiveness, Capsules, Certain Antigens, Adherence, and Enzymes/Hemolysins

Question 43

a protein, liberated by intact organisms, GP and GN bacteria, Heat labile, some converted to toxoids (inactive form)

Answer 43

Exotoxins

Question 44

Lipopolysaccharide liberated by lysing cells (antibiotic alert), primarily GN bacteria, heat stable, produce fever, shock, DIC, no antitoxins are produced against these, inside cell

Answer 44

Endotoxins

Question 45

first line of defense in host resistance

Answer 45

Skin

Question 46

list 4 host resistance factors

Answer 46

physical barriers, usual flora space and nutrient competition , cleansing mechanisms, immune defenses

Question 47

which organism is able to survive and multiply intracellularly?

Answer 47

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 48

susceptible to infections with oportunistic pathogens

Answer 48

immunodeficient hosts

Question 49

Immunodeficiency may be due to...list

Answer 49

genetics, diet (starvation), drugs (steroids, chemo, antibiotics), cancer, disease (AIDS, diabetes), newborn, elderly, or pregnancy

Question 50

routes of transmission (list 6)

Answer 50

air (inhalation), food and water (ingestion), close contact (salivary, skin, sexual), cuts and bites (human vs animal), anthropods (tick, flea), zoonoses (contact with animals)

Question 51

areas with usual flora that begin at birth

Answer 51

skin, mouth, upper respiratory tract, intestines, vagina

Question 52

areas that are normally sterile, no usual flora

Answer 52

blood, CSF, joint fluids, organs, tissues not exposed to outside, upper urinary tract and genital tract, lower respiratory tract

Question 53

all organisms can be pathogenic in ______ areas

Answer 53

sterile

Question 54

these organisms are considered "usual flora" in certain areas

Answer 54

commensals

Question 55

how can you prevent the spread of infectious diseases?

Answer 55

HANDWASHING, vaccines, public health measures (sanitation of food and H2O, animal vector control, education)