INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY

Question 1

-Challenged the doctrine of spontaneous generation with the concept of biogenesis

Answer 1

RUDOLF VIRCHOW (1821-1902)

Question 2

Improves the wine-making process (fermentation and pasteurization)

Answer 2

LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895)

Question 3

-First to show irrefutable proof that bacteria indeed cause diseases
-Discovered Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 3

ROBERT KOCH (1343-1910)

Question 4

Who advocated handwashing to prevent the spread of puerperal fever

Answer 4

IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS (1818-1865)

Question 5

Used phenol to prevent surgical wound infections

Answer 5

JOSEPH LISTER (1827-1912)

Question 6

study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them

Answer 6

PARASITOLOGY

Question 7

study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical
properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a
source for tinder,

Answer 7

MYCOLOGY

Question 8

• From the Greek word phykos, meaning “seaweed”
• the scientific study of algae

Answer 8

PHYCOLOGY

Question 9

• study of viruses
• Smallest intact infectious agents
• Intracellular reproduction only

Answer 9

VIROLOGY

Question 10

• study of bacteria
• Unicellular
• Contains both RNA and DNA
• Multiplies by BINARY FISSION

Answer 10

BACTERIOLOGY

Question 11

• formal system of organizing, classifying and naming living
  things

Answer 11

TAXONOMY

Question 11

WHAT ARE THE 2 FUNGI MORPHOLOGIES?

Answer 11

YEAST - if nasa HUMAN TEMPERATURE (37C)
MOLDS/HYPHAE - if nasa ROOM TEMPERATURE (22C)

Question 12

Has thick peptidoglycan layer

Answer 12

Gram positive bacteria

Question 13

Has thin peptidoglycan layer

Answer 13

Gram negative bacteria

Question 14

Measurement of an object that we viewed on microscope.

Answer 14

MICROMETRY

Question 15

BASIC PARTS OF BACTERIA

Answer 15

1. CELL BODY
2. CAPSULE
3. FLAGELLA
4. PILI/FIMBRIAE
5. ENDOSPORE

Question 16

BASIC PARTS OF A BACTERIA
- It holds the organelles of the bacteria

Answer 16

CELL BODY

Question 16

BASIC PARTS OF A BACTERIA
- Sugar/amino acid
- protects the bacteria from phagocytosis

Answer 16

CAPSULE

Question 17

BASIC PARTS OF A BACTERIA
- for locomotion

Answer 17

FLAGELLA

Question 18

BASIC PARTS OF A BACTERIA
- shorter than flagella
- mediate DNA exchange via CONJUGATION

Answer 18

PILI/SEX PILUS

Question 19

BASIC PARTS OF A BACTERIA
- shorter than flagella
- Adhere to the environment

Answer 19

FIMBRIAE

Question 20

BASIC PARTS OF A BACTERIA
- metabolically dormant forms
- promote resistance to heat

Answer 20

ENDOSPORE

Question 20

How to kill ENDOSPORE?

Answer 20

Autoclaving: 121C, 15 PSI, 15 mins

Question 21

What is the color of your gram-positive bacteria?

Answer 21

purple/blue

Question 21

What is the color of your gram negative bacteria?

Answer 21

red-pink

Question 22

MORPHOLOGY
- COCCI

Answer 22

• Coccus
• diplococci
• Streptococci
• Staphylococcus
• Tetrads
• Sarcina

Question 22

MORPHOLOGY
- BACILLUS/BACILLI

Answer 22

• coccobacilli
• fusiform
• vibrio/comma
• palisades

Question 23

MORPHOLOGY
- shape: SPIRAL

Answer 23

SPIROCHETES

Question 24

MORPHOLOGY
- Shape: ROD-SHAPED

Answer 24

BACILLI/BACILLUS

Question 25

-Suggested that diseases were caused by “invisible living creatures”

Answer 25

LUCRETIUS and GIROLAMO FRACASTORO (1478-1553)

Question 26

-”first true microbiologist”
-“Father of Bacteriology and Protozoology”
-used the term “animalcules” or “beasties”

Answer 26

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723)

Question 27

HISTORY: SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
-Organic matter possessed a “vital force” that could give rise to life

Answer 27

JOHN NEEDHAM (1731-1781)

Question 28

HISTORY: SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
- Invalidated abiogenesis
-Maggots could not rise spontaneously from decaying meat

Answer 28

FRANCESCO REDI (1626-1679)

Question 29

HISTORY: SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
-improved the previous experiments of Needham by heating the broth
placed in a sealed jar and observe no growth took place.

Answer 29

LAZZARO SPALLANZANI