BACTE LAB | SECTIONS & STAINING TECHNIQUES

Question 1

SMEAR PREP
* How many swabs are submitted ideally?

Answer 1

2

Question 2

Done to preserve the morphology & relationship of the cellular elemnts.

Answer 2

SWAB SPECIMENS

Question 3

SWABBING of specimens should start from?

Answer 3

UPPER LEFT AND ROLL DOWNWARDS

Question 4

• SMEAR PREPARATION
• Not the entire slide is being smeared

Answer 4

Opaque Thick Liquids to Semisolids (stool)

Question 5

*SMEAR PREPARATION
- Flatten with two slides/drop of specimen

Answer 5

THICK GRANULAR/MUCOID SAMPLE

Question 6

• SMEAR PREPARATION
• CSF and Transudates: One drop obtained in one circle

Answer 6

THIN FLUIDS

Question 7

• Obtains a concentrated amount of concentrated elements

Answer 7

CYTOCENTRIFUGATION

Question 8

STAINS are to visualize bacteria by imparting?

Answer 8

COLOR & FLUORESCENCE

Question 9

COMMON STAINS

Answer 9

Gram stain
Acid-fast stain

Question 10

Used to identify Mycobacterium
tuberculosis through the presence of mycolic acid that resists gram stain

Answer 10

ACID-FAST STAIN

Question 11

● Developed by Hans Christian Gram
● MOST COMMON STAIN employed in the microbiology lab

Answer 11

GRAM STAIN

Question 12

• gives off a blue to purple color
• Has a thick peptidoglycan layer

Answer 12

GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA

Question 13

• gives off a pink color
• Stains the cell wall structure
• Has a thin peptidoglycan layer that is abundant in lipopolysaccharide

Answer 13

GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA

Question 14

• Cannot absorb gram stain

Answer 14

Gram Ghost and Gram Variable

Question 15

-Needs acid-fast staining

Answer 15

ACID FAST CELLS

Question 16

● Ideal for lipid-rich cell walls (Mycolic Acid)

Answer 16

ACID-FAST STAIN

Question 17

2 MAIN TYPES OF ACID-FAST STAIN

Answer 17

1. CARBOL FUCHSIN
2. FLUOROCHROME

Question 18

• Carbol Fuchsin
  (HOT METHOD)
  ➔ Heat is used as a mordant

Answer 18

Ziehl-Neelsen Method

Question 19

• Carbol Fuchsin
• (COLD METHOD)
  ➔ Detergent (Tergitol) is used
  as a mordant

Answer 19

Kinyoun Method

Question 20

• Auramine-Rhodamine
• Appears yellow or orange

Answer 20

FLUOROCHROME

Question 21

● Routinely used
● Appears as red rods against a blue background
● Non-acid-fast appears blue

Answer 21

CARBOL-FUCHSIN

Question 22

WHAT ARE THE ORGANISMS THAT ARE ACID-FAST?

Answer 22

○ Mycobacteria
○ Nocardia
○ Rhodococcus

Question 23

● Supports growth of organisms
● For biochemical colony profiling
● Swab is used to dip the solution

Answer 23

CULTURE MEDIA

Question 24

CLASSIFICATION BY PHYSICAL NATURE:

Answer 24

1. Solid
2. Semi-solid
3. Liquid: AKA Broths
4. Biphasic (Solid and Liquid)

Question 25

• Used to test for the presence of
  Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
  ○ Produces the color black

Answer 25

DURHAM TUBE

Question 26

produces red

Answer 26

ALKALINE

Question 27

Produces yellow

Answer 27

ACIDIC