Introduction To Medicine Flashcards
How is Hx (history) and Ex relevant to dental practice?
First line screening
Dental signs of systemic disease
Impact of disease on dental treatment
Impact of dental treatment / therapy on ill patients
What should be included in the medical history?
Presenting complaint Current medical history Past medical history Family history Social history Drug history
What are the stages for when a patient comes in in terms of info needed?
Dental presentation? New or old patient? Risk assessment General / focused history Treatment plan Referral
What type of examination do dental practitioners undertake?
CLOTHED examination
What are some common examples of chronic diseases?
Chest Heart disease Diabetes Liver Other - thyroid
What are some common examples of acute diseases?
Asthma episode
Angina attack / MI
Hypoglycaemic episode
Infection risk
What are the telltale visible signs of chest disease
Wheezing - needs an inhaler
Pigeon chest / barrel chest
Red eyes
Swelling in lower legs
What sign of chest disease can be seen in the hands?
Take index fingers and put your fingernails against each other. Normally there should be a small gap between the nails (by the cuticles)
With chest disease, there is no gap.
What are symptoms of chest disease?
Cough Sputum Wheezing Chest pain Cyanosis Haemoptysis Dyspnoea
What is cyanosis?
When hands or feet turn a blueish colour. Caused by low oxygen levels in RBCs or problems getting oxygenated blood to body.
What is dyspnoea?
Difficult or laboured breathing
What is haemoptysis?
Coughing up blood from the lungs or bronchial tubes
What is wheezing? Where does it most often come from?
A high pitched whistling sound during breathing. It occurs when air moves through narrowed breathing tubes.
Wheezing most often comes from the small breathing tubes (bronchial tubes) deep in the chest, but could be due to a blockage in larger airways or in people with certain vocal cord problems.
What can wheezing be an indication of?
Asthma Bronchitis Vocal cord dysfunction Foreign body aspiration Infections Congestive heart failure COPD Forced expiration in normal subjects Cystic fibrosis
What is differential diagnosis?
The process of differentiating between two or more conditions which share similar signs or symptoms
What are some differential diagnoses of chest pain?
Pleuritic = sharp stabbing on inspiration Chest wall = costochondritis Pulmonary = pneumothorax Cardiac = myocardial infarction Great vessels = dissection Oesophageal = reflux Gall bladder = cholecystitis
What are some risk factors of heart disease to look out for?
Smoking Heavy drinking Inactivity Overweight/obesity Diabetes
What are some signs and symptoms of type I diabetes?
Infections (in skin, gums or urinary tract) Weakness Drowsiness, fatigue Tingling in hands and feet Swelling in hands and feet Itchy skin Thrush
What are some signs and symptoms of type II diabetes?
Excessive thirst Frequent urination Weakness Drowsiness, fatigue Sudden weight loss Sudden change in vision Blurred vision Nausea and vomiting
What common oral health problems can be found in diabetes?
Tooth decay Periodontal disease Salivary gland dysfunction Inflammatory skin disease (lichen planus) Infection and delayed healing Taste impairment
What would be visible in a patient with periodontitis and diabetes?
Increased pocket probing depths
Gingival swelling
Increased inflammation
