Introduction to Medical Microbiology Flashcards
Endemic – a contagious disease that is ____ in a population
always present
Epidemic – a contagious disease that spreads
rapidly and widely
Pandemic – an epidemic that spreads internationally affecting a s___ of the population
ignificant proportion
Pandemics by percent killed The most - \_\_\_\_ 6 percent world pop – Spanish flu 1.5 percent – syphilis only 8000 worldwide sars
Black death
Pandemics by percent killed The most - Black death 6 percent world pop – 1.5 percent – syphilis only 8000 worldwide sars
Spanish flu
Pandemics by percent killed The most - Black death 6 percent world pop – Spanish flu 1.5 percent – only 8000 worldwide sars
syphillis
Pandemics by percent killed The most - Black death 6 percent world pop – Spanish flu 1.5 percent – syphilis only -\_\_ cases worldwide sars
8000
where do pandemics come from? biolgoically or geographically?
come from anywhere and any ource (humans, animals, unknown)
pandemics from asia
asia: plague, influenza (not Spanish), china
pandemics from central america
central America: Syphilis
pandemic from america
north America: Spanish Influenza
___ came from a human pathogen (mutation -> became more severe)
syphillis
___ came from an unknown source
black plague
___ )___ and ___ came from animals
SARS (Civets)
Many influenzas (Birds)
AIDS (Monkeys)
Examples in class where death rates have gone down
- total____ has declined *not due to antibx but improved living ocnditions
- total death rate specifically in children
- scarlet fever in children
- typhoid and dysentery
death rate from infxn
Examples in class where death rates have gone down
- total death rate from infxn has declined *not due to antibx but improved living ocnditions
- total death rate specifically in
- scarlet fever in children
- typhoid and dysentery
children
what explains the decline in disease?
1. unknown reasons – probably ____
2. improved living conditions and hygine
e.g. water killed more people than combat
3. vaccines and antibiotics
• measles vaccine came after the decline of measles, but it helped correctly eradicate
mutations
what explains the decline in disease?
- unknown reasons – probably mutations
- improved ____ and _____
- vaccines and antibiotics
living condiitons and hygeine
e.g. water killed more people than combat
what explains the decline in disease?
- unknown reasons – probably mutations
- improved living conditions and hygeine
- ____-
vaccines and antibiotics
measles vaccine came after the decline of measles, but it helped correctly eradicate
infections that declined from improved living conditions
Cholera, Childbirth fever
diseases that declined for unknown reasons
- Syphilis
- Rheumatic fever
- Scarlet fever
- Measles
- Plague
diseases that declined because of vaccines
Smallpox
• Polio
• Diphtheria
new infections that have appeared
- Legionnaires’ disease 1976
- Lyme disease 1976
- AIDS 1981
- Toxic shock syndrome 1982
- Influenza pandemics 1918, 1937, 1957, 1968, 2009
- Hepatitis B 1965
- SARS 2003
- Intentional anthrax epidemic 2001
2 conditions that have been redefined as infections
- Stomach ulcers in the 1980’s
* Cervical cancer in the 1990’s
