Introduction to Medical Microbiology

Question 1

Endemic – a contagious disease that is ____ in a population

Answer 1

always present

Question 2

Epidemic – a contagious disease that spreads

Answer 2

rapidly and widely

Question 3

Pandemic – an epidemic that spreads internationally affecting a s___ of the population

Answer 3

ignificant proportion

Question 4

Pandemics by percent killed
The most - \_\_\_\_ 
6 percent  world pop – Spanish flu
1.5 percent – syphilis
only 8000 worldwide sars

Answer 4

Black death

Question 5

Pandemics by percent killed
The most - Black death 
6 percent  world pop –
1.5 percent – syphilis
only 8000 worldwide sars

Answer 5

Spanish flu

Question 6

Pandemics by percent killed
The most - Black death 
6 percent  world pop – Spanish flu
1.5 percent –
only 8000 worldwide sars

Answer 6

syphillis

Question 7

Pandemics by percent killed
The most - Black death 
6 percent  world pop – Spanish flu
1.5 percent – syphilis
only -\_\_ cases worldwide sars

Answer 7

8000

Question 8

where do pandemics come from? biolgoically or geographically?

Answer 8

come from anywhere and any ource (humans, animals, unknown)

Question 9

pandemics from asia

Answer 9

asia: plague, influenza (not Spanish), china

Question 10

pandemics from central america

Answer 10

central America: Syphilis

Question 11

pandemic from america

Answer 11

north America: Spanish Influenza

Question 12

___ came from a human pathogen (mutation -> became more severe)

Answer 12

syphillis

Question 13

___ came from an unknown source

Answer 13

black plague

Question 14

___ )___ and ___ came from animals

Answer 14

SARS (Civets)
Many influenzas (Birds)
AIDS (Monkeys)

Question 15

Examples in class where death rates have gone down

1. total____ has declined *not due to antibx but improved living ocnditions
2. total death rate specifically in children
3. scarlet fever in children
4. typhoid and dysentery

Answer 15

death rate from infxn

Question 16

Examples in class where death rates have gone down

1. total death rate from infxn has declined *not due to antibx but improved living ocnditions
2. total death rate specifically in
3. scarlet fever in children
4. typhoid and dysentery

Answer 16

children

Question 17

what explains the decline in disease?
1. unknown reasons – probably ____
2. improved living conditions and hygine
e.g. water killed more people than combat
3. vaccines and antibiotics
• measles vaccine came after the decline of measles, but it helped correctly eradicate

Answer 17

mutations

Question 18

what explains the decline in disease?

1. unknown reasons – probably mutations
2. improved ____ and _____
3. vaccines and antibiotics

Answer 18

living condiitons and hygeine

e.g. water killed more people than combat

Question 19

what explains the decline in disease?

1. unknown reasons – probably mutations
2. improved living conditions and hygeine
3. ____-

Answer 19

vaccines and antibiotics

measles vaccine came after the decline of measles, but it helped correctly eradicate

Question 20

infections that declined from improved living conditions

Answer 20

Cholera, Childbirth fever

Question 21

diseases that declined for unknown reasons

Answer 21

1. Syphilis
2. Rheumatic fever
3. Scarlet fever
4. Measles
5. Plague

Question 22

diseases that declined because of vaccines

Answer 22

Smallpox
• Polio
• Diphtheria

Question 23

new infections that have appeared

Answer 23

• Legionnaires’ disease 1976
• Lyme disease 1976
• AIDS 1981
• Toxic shock syndrome 1982
• Influenza pandemics 1918, 1937, 1957, 1968, 2009
• Hepatitis B 1965
• SARS 2003
• Intentional anthrax epidemic 2001

Question 24

2 conditions that have been redefined as infections

Answer 24

• Stomach ulcers in the 1980’s

* Cervical cancer in the 1990’s

Question 25

new conditions that might appear

Answer 25

Influenza mutants
• Infections from remote animals or other environment
• Infection with drug resistant organisms

Question 26

conditions might be discovered to be infectious

Answer 26

• Alzheimer’s disease
• Multiple sclerosis
• Type-2 diabetes
• Obesity
• Heart attacks and stroke