Introduction to Marine Environment Flashcards

1
Q

Ocean Exploration

A

Earliest interactions were to obtain food
Latitude and longitude system created by the ancient Greeks
In 1492, Columbus set sail across the Atlantic and found North and South America
The first circumnavigation of the world led by Magellan in 1519-1522
Plans were drawn for the first submarines in the early 1600s
The voyages of James Cook were the first solely dedicated to scientific oceanography
1872 the first marine survey of the Americas
HMS Challenger gathered enormous amounts of physical, chemical, geological, and biological data in 1872-1876
First deep sea submarines developed in the 1930s
First practical SCUBA that is still used today, introduced by Jacques Cousteau in 1943

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2
Q

Poles

A

“True North” - Points to the geographic North Pole following the Prime Meridian based off longitude

“Magnetic North” - The direction in which compass arrows point

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3
Q

Bathymetry

A

The study of underwater depth of ocean floors

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4
Q

Plate Tectonics

A

The movement of plates over time is called “Continental Drift”
Causes islands to form or sink

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5
Q

Volcanoes and Hotspots

A

Volcanoes -
Form on the seafloor as they build up over time
Erupt volcanic lava that cools and becomes basalt

Seamounts -
A volcano that does not reach the surface of the ocean

Hot Spot -
Regions where the underlying mantle is extremely hot compared to the surrounding mantle

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6
Q

Organsim

A

Any individual plant, animal, or protist

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7
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that can breed and create offspring

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8
Q

Population

A

A group of interacting individuals of the same species who live in the same area

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9
Q

Community

A

All the different populations occupying a particular place

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10
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community and its nonliving environment

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