Introduction to Marine Environment Flashcards
Ocean Exploration
Earliest interactions were to obtain food
Latitude and longitude system created by the ancient Greeks
In 1492, Columbus set sail across the Atlantic and found North and South America
The first circumnavigation of the world led by Magellan in 1519-1522
Plans were drawn for the first submarines in the early 1600s
The voyages of James Cook were the first solely dedicated to scientific oceanography
1872 the first marine survey of the Americas
HMS Challenger gathered enormous amounts of physical, chemical, geological, and biological data in 1872-1876
First deep sea submarines developed in the 1930s
First practical SCUBA that is still used today, introduced by Jacques Cousteau in 1943
Poles
“True North” - Points to the geographic North Pole following the Prime Meridian based off longitude
“Magnetic North” - The direction in which compass arrows point
Bathymetry
The study of underwater depth of ocean floors
Plate Tectonics
The movement of plates over time is called “Continental Drift”
Causes islands to form or sink
Volcanoes and Hotspots
Volcanoes -
Form on the seafloor as they build up over time
Erupt volcanic lava that cools and becomes basalt
Seamounts -
A volcano that does not reach the surface of the ocean
Hot Spot -
Regions where the underlying mantle is extremely hot compared to the surrounding mantle
Organsim
Any individual plant, animal, or protist
Species
A group of organisms that can breed and create offspring
Population
A group of interacting individuals of the same species who live in the same area
Community
All the different populations occupying a particular place
Ecosystem
A community and its nonliving environment