INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE

Question 1

Characteristics of Literature

Answer 1

1. Universality
2. Permanence
3. Artistry
4. Suggestiveness
5. Intellectual value
6. Spiritual value

Question 2

expressions that use words or
phrases to achieve effects beyond
the ordinary language.

Answer 2

Figures of Speech

Question 3

Some Basic Figures of Speech

Answer 3

1. Simile
2. Metaphor
3. Personification
4. Metonymy
5. Synecdoche
6. Hyperbole
7. Litotes
8. Irony
9. Paradox
10. Oxymoron
11. Apostrophe
12. Allusion

Question 4

specific comparison between two dissimilar
elements or ideas using the words “like”
and “as”

Answer 4

1. SIMILE

Question 5

use of word or phrase denoting one kind
of idea or object in place of another word
or phrase for the purpose of: (a) suggesting
a likeness between the two, (b) give added
meaning to one of the things being
compared

Answer 5

2. METAPHOR

Question 6

giving human qualities to
inanimate objects and abstract
ideas

Answer 6

3. PERSONIFICATION

Question 7

use of a word or phrase to substitute
to another for which it bears a
significant relation as the effect for the
cause, the abstract for the concrete,
and other similar relations.

Answer 7

4. METONYMY

Question 8

use of part to stand for a whole,
the whole for a part, the species
for a genus, and vice versa.

Answer 8

5. SYNECDOCHE

Question 9

use of intentional overstatement
or an exaggeration of fact or
possibility

Answer 9

6. HYPERBOLE

Question 10

an understatement that asserts
an affirmative by negating its
contrary

Answer 10

7. LITOTES

Question 11

dissembling or hiding what is

actually the case

Answer 11

8. IRONY

Question 12

3 Kinds of Irony in Literature

Answer 12

a. verbal irony
b. irony of situation
c. dramatic irony

Question 13

when a speaker says one thing and means the

opposite

Answer 13

Verbal irony

Question 14

when a situation turns out to be completely of

what is expected

Answer 14

Irony of situation

Question 15

when a reader or an audience knows something

that a character in a story or play does not know

Answer 15

Dramatic irony

Question 16

a phrase or statement that appears to be
logically cotradictory, yet makes good
emotional sense

Answer 16

9. PARADOX

Question 17

use of a phrase that combines two

seemingly incompatible elements

Answer 17

10. OXYMORON

Question 18

use of reference to without explicit
identification to a literary or historical
person, place, or event or to another
literary work or passage

Answer 18

11. Allusion

Question 19

use of direct address to a person
who is either absent or dead, an
inanimate object or an abstract
idea.

Answer 19

12. APOSTROPHE