Historical Development of Philippine Literature

Question 1

Historical Development of Philippine

Literature

Answer 1

I.Pre Spanish Literature
II. Literature during Spanish Colonization
III. Literature during the American
Occupation
IV. Literature during the Japanese
Occupation
V. Literature in the Contemporary Period

Question 2

General Characteristics:
!Spontaneous and instinctive
!Expressed in its own dialect
!Crude in ideology and
phraseology

Answer 2

Pre Spanish Literature

Question 3

Categories of Folktale in the

Philippines

Answer 3

1. Myths
2. Proverbs
3. Tanaga
4. Riddles
5. Epics
6. Rituals
7. Songs

Question 4

types of Myths

Answer 4

a. legends
b. fables
c. fantastic
stories

Question 5

deal mainly with the
creation of the universe, the
origin of man, the gods and
supernatural beings, and native
culture heroes

Answer 5

MYTHS

Question 6

are prose narratives like myths
that are regarded true by the narrator and
audience but are set in a period more
remote, when the world was much as it is
today

Answer 6

Legends

Question 7

are stories that use
animals as characters and are
meant to impart lessons.

Answer 7

FABLES

Question 8

deal with the
unseen world or underworld and
features odd, whimsical or grotesque
characters

Answer 8

Fantastic stories

Question 9

The two essential features of __________ are …its
didactism for the contents and its conciseness for
the form;range over a wide variety of
subject matter, for it is hardly an exaggeration to
say that there is a proverb for every occasion in
life

Answer 9

Proverbs

Question 10

are short folk poems composed of seven

syllables and four lines and full of metaphors

Answer 10

Tanaga

Question 11

traditional verbal expression containing one or
two descriptive elements, a pair of which may be in
opposition to each other, the referent of the elements is to be
guessed

Answer 11

Riddle

Question 12

are narratives of sustained length, based on oral
tradition, revolving around supernatural events and heroic
deeds, in the form of verse, is either chanted or sung, with
a certain seriousness of purpose, embodying or validating
the beliefs, customs, ideals or life values of the people.

Answer 12

Epics

Question 13

are based on daily activities.

Answer 13

Rituals

Question 14

a. ambahan—seven-syllable verse of unrhymed couplets
b. bikal-verbal joust in song
c. balak-courting accomplished in metaphors
accompanied by the kudyapi and korlong
d. siday—sung by paid singers
e. parahaya—dirges sung by women during wakes
f. dalit or prayer in memory of the dead
g. oyayi or lullaby songs

Answer 14

Songs

Question 15

Characteristics:
! Centered on Christian faith
! Imitative of Spanish themes, forms and traditions
! Repetitious plots
! Characters thin, shadowy and bloodless
! Secular literature was transmitted orally
! rise of the printing press in the 19th century enabled
faster dissemination of work

Answer 15

Literature under Spanish

Colonization

Question 16

Literary Types that Arise during the

Spanish Colonization

Answer 16

1. Corrido
2. Awit
3. Pasyon
4. Cenakulo
   5.Moro-moro
5. Carillo
6. Tibag
7. Duplo and Karagatan
8. Zarzuela
9. Novenas, prayer books,
   biographies of the saints,
   tales, novels
10. Balitaw, kundiman,
    tapat

Question 17

Highlights:
• Americans arrive in 1898
! Spanish continued to dominate the elite
! English becomes the official language of
communication.
• Thomasites become the Filipinos first teachers
! Founding of Philippine Normal University (PNU) in
1901 and the University of the Philippines (UP) in
1908

Answer 17

Literature under the American

Colonization

Question 18

Literary Forms during the American

Occupation

Answer 18

1. Poetry

2. Fiction

Question 19

Important Characteristics of Philippine Poetry during

the American Period in the country:

Answer 19

• poetry used as a vehicle for language-learning
rather than an art in itself
• poetry used for personal purposes
• poetry used as a means of promoting national
sentiments

Question 20

Influences in Poetry:

Answer 20

Imagism–emphasis on poetic images
• Metaphysical School—combination of emotion and
intellect in poetry.
• Impressionistic-Symbolistic School—emphasized
impression of the moment rather than the physical
reality of the moment.
• New Criticism School—taught critics to analyze the
text of the poem not according to or through details
external to it.

Question 21

The good short story would have vitality and
magnificence of subject and an architectural
execution of this vital magnificent subject

Answer 21

2. Fiction

Question 22

• the unified single impression or effect though
atmosphere, tone and style
• plausible characterization
• a well-defined plot structure
• control of language as medium
• interesting situation and a significant theme

Answer 22

Characteristics of Fiction

Question 23

emphasis on a key moment or moment of illumination
• use of consistent point of view
• use of symbols
• evocative use of language for atmosphere and tone
• overall structural unity, blending of form and content

Answer 23

Standards:of Fiction

Question 24

Significant Events:
! Japanese pushed for the use of Tagalog and de-emphasized English
! Some writers who used to write in English turned to Filipino because
of strict prohibitions of the Japanese on writing using the English
language
! Some newspapers continue operation but most of them were stopped
by the Japanese
! Anti-Japanese writings were discouraged
• Filipino literature was given a break during this period.
! Volume of short stories, “25 Pinakamabuting Kwento ng Taong 1943”
was published

Answer 24

Literature during the Japanese

Occupation

Question 25

FILIPINO POETRY DURING THIS PERIOD

Answer 25

1. Haiku
2. Tanaga
3. Karaniwang anyo

Question 26

FILIPINO POETRY DURING THIS PERIOD
a lyric poem that was introduced by the
Japanese. It was made up of 17 syllables divided into
three lines. The first line had 5 syllables, the second, 7
syllables, and the third, five.

Answer 26

1. Haiku

Question 27

FILIPINO POETRY DURING THIS PERIOD
It is a short poem that is made up of four
lines Each line had 7 syllables

Answer 27

2. Tanaga

Question 28

FILIPINO POETRY DURING THIS PERIOD

Usual Form

Answer 28

3.Karaniwang anyo

Question 29

The drama experienced a lull during the Japanese
period because movie houses showing American
films were closed.
• The big movie houses were just made to show stage
shows. Many of the plays were reproductions of
English plays to Tagalog.
• Some of the popular translators were Francisco Soc
Rodrigo, Alberto Concio, among others

Answer 29

FILIPINO DRAMA DURING THE

JAPANESE PERIOD

Question 30

literary award that recognized commendable

Answer 30

The Commonwealth Literary Awards

Question 31

Some Highlights:
! Entry of new Criticism
! Resurgence of nationalist movement with students as core during the Martial Law
years.
! Philippine literature flourished and continues to grow in the various languages
continue especially with the appearance of new publications after the Martial Law
years
! Filipino writers continue to write poetry and fiction short with the varied themes
(social commitment, gender/ethnic related, personal or impersonal, among others)
! The emergence of creative nonfiction have widened the
The teaching of Philippine Literature in all schools in the country
giving importance on the
the teaching of the vernacular literature or literatures of the regions is a
significant move towards the continued growth of our local literature
Filipino writers have become more determined to improve their craft
by participating in writers workshops and conferences in national and
international levels .
The various literary awards such as the Don Carlos Palanca
Memorial Awards for Literature, the Philippines ,Free Press, Philippine
Graphic, Panorama literary contests among others encourage them to
polish their art and compete with others.

Answer 31

Literature in the Contemporary

Period