Introduction to ISTAR Flashcards
What does COMINT stand for?
Communications intelligence
What does SIGINT stand for?
Signals intelligence
What does ELINT stand for?
Electronic intelligence
What does FISINT stand for?
Foreign instrumentation signals intelligence
What does MASINT stand for?
Measurement and signature intelligence
What does IMINT stand for?
Imagery intelligence
What does GEOINT stand for?
Geospatial intelligence
What does ACINT stand for?
Acoustics intelligence
What does HUMINT stand for?
Human intelligence
What does OSINT stand for?
Open source intelligence
What 3 types of intelligence does SIGINT cover?
- COMINT - Communication intelligence 2. ELINT - electronic intelligence 3. FISINT - Foreign instrumentation signals intelligence
What is MASINT? Measurement & Signature Intelligence
It involves using specially designed sensors to collect and analyse information associated with either a source, emitter, sender or receiver that isn’t collected through other means. It serves to detect, track, identify or describe the signatures of fixed or dynamic target sources.
Name an example of MASINT?
Examples include the trajectory of missiles and rockets, artillery, lasers, radars, acoustics, exhaust, vapour trails and RF emissions. Modern artillery batteries are often equipped with counter battery radar which uses MASINT to identify an enemies artillery position.
What is IMINT? Imagery Intelligence
Intelligence gathering discipline which collects information via satellite and aerial imagery
What is GEOINT? Geospatial Intelligence
Intelligence derived from the exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospatial information that describes, assesses, and visually depicts physical features and geographically referenced activities on the Earth GEOINT consists of imagery, Imagery Intelligence (IMINT) and geospatial information.
Name an example of GEOINT?
Think Google Maps!
What is ACINT? Acoustics Intelligence
ACINT is intelligence derived from sound. Because of the nature of sound, it is primarily, but not exclusively, concerned with movement and predominantly involves the detection, tracking and classification of submarine contacts by active and passive Sonar. ACINT sources include hydrophones, geophones, Sonar and artillery sound ranging systems
What UK forces aircraft specialises in ACINT?
P8
What is HUMINT? Human Intelligence
Interrogation
Agent Handling
Meetings Observation
Name the three intelligence levels?
-Strategic -operational -tactical
Explain strategic intelligence?
Informs the formation of policy, military planning and provision of Indications and Warnings (I&W) at the national and/or international levels. Derived from information gathered across the spectrum of military, diplomatic, political and economic matters.
Explain operational intelligence?
Informs the planning, execution and support of campaigns and operations within a theatre or JOA by a HQ
Explain tactical intelligence?
Informs the planning and execution of operational missions on the ground.
Describe the intelligence cycle?
Who are intelligence customers?
Intelligence Agencies, Operations, Targetting, NATO, Others
What does TCPED(F) stand for?
- Task
- Collect
- Process
- Exploit
- Disseminate
Describe the ISR process?
Name the three typres of mission tasking?
Deliberate tasking:
Ad-hoc tasking
Dynamic tasking
TCPED(F) TASK -
Types of Reconnaissance and Surveillance Tasks, name 2?
Indicators & Warnings – assess an enemy’s offensive and defensive force capabilities and other factors that may affect plans and operations.
Intelligence Preparation of the Environment – systematic, continuous analysis of the enemy and battlespace environment to provide information to identify enemy centres of gravity, strengths, weaknesses, capabilities, intentions and critical vulnerabilities.
Enemy Order of Battle – provides information to intelligence staffs for integration with other information to develop EOB. These used to prepare an Intelligence estimate which details enemy capabilities, limitations, vulnerabilities and intentions.
Situation Development – collection of critical information needed to assess the current situation and confirm or deny enemy courses of action predicted by IPoE. Helps the commander to refine understanding of the battlespace, identify EOBs, force dispositions and monitor enemy activity to reduce uncertainty and risk.
Monitor enemy Activity – during times of crisis to provide commanders with information to aid in planning deployments. During war, to continuously monitor the enemy to determine situation, force posture and dispositions relative to friendly forces and to measure reaction to friendly combat operations.
Force Protection – security measures, collection activities and defensive operations to guard the force against the effects of enemy actions. Also supports the broader intelligence force protection mission by helping to identify, locate and counter enemy intelligence collection, sabotage, subversion and terrorism capabilities.
Targeting Objectives – Detection, location, identification and analysis of potential targets.
Assessments – Battle Damage Assessment, for example, can provide information on the success of military operations and the need for follow-up or new operations.
WHERE to collect
WHAT effect is required
WHEN is collect required and for how long
WHEN is the product required
WHAT is the required format for the product and who needs it
TCPED(F) - COLLECT
Requirements of an effective ISR system?
Timeliness
Accuracy
Survivability
Reliability
Suitability
Standardisation
Continuous Coverage
TCPED(F) - EXPLOIT
What is the explot process for?
Getting data and information ready for:
Evaluation - For intelligence potential
Analysis - Reviewed for significant facts
Integration - Fed into intelligence picture
Interpretation - Evaluated within broader intelligence picture
Finished product / output - Ready for dissemination
TCPED(F) - DISSEMINATE
5 key principals of disseminate?
Timeliness – timely conveyance of finished product
Appropriate – product in optimal format
Urgency – is the product urgent?
Distribution – via suitable means to those who need it
Security – appropriate protective marking / access
How long is the planning cycle on OPs?
3 days (72 hrs)
