Introduction to intellectual impairment

Question 1

What is a learning disability

Answer 1

reduced intellectual ability and difficulty with everyday activities

Question 2

Intellectual disability involves problem with general mental abilities that function in which two areas

Answer 2

intellectual functioning

adaptive functioning

Question 3

What is intellectual functioning

Answer 3

learning
problem solving
judgement

Question 4

What is adaptive functioning

Answer 4

activities of daily life such as communication and independent living

Question 5

What is impairment

Answer 5

loss or abnormality in psychological, physiological or anatomical function

considered to occur at level of organ or stem functioning

Question 6

What is disability

Answer 6

any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being

Question 7

What is the social model

Answer 7

disability is caused by the way society is organized, rather than by a person’s impairment or difference

Question 8

What is the medical model

Answer 8

says people are disabled by impairments or differences

under the medical model the differences should be ‘fixed’ by medical tx

Question 9

What are barriers to a social model

Answer 9

segregated social provision
inflexible organizational procedures and practices
inaccessible information
inaccessible buildings
inaccessible transport
negative cultural representations

Question 10

What are causes of learning disability split into

Answer 10

preconception
prenatal
perinatal
post natal

Question 11

What are syndromes associated with learning disability

Answer 11

ASD
down syndrome
CP
fragile X syndrome
prader willi
PKU

Question 12

What is down syndrome

Answer 12

neurodevelopmental disorder of genetic origin affecting chromosome 21

Question 13

What two syndromes do not require learning disability as part of diagnosis

Answer 13

ASD

CP

Question 14

What is DS most commonly due to

Answer 14

full trisomy of chromosome 21

Question 15

Which age is children with DS more likely

Answer 15

> 35 YO

Question 16

What are medical features that those with DS are more likely to have

Answer 16

CHD
alzeihmers dementia
epilepsy 
leukemia
hearing impairment
diabetes mellitus
coeliac disease
thyroid disease
intellectual impairment

Question 17

What are issues with dentistry that those with DS may struggle with

Answer 17

oral hygiene
oral function
impaired migration of gingival fibroblasts
saliva
periodontal pathogens
immune system related factors

Question 18

What is cerebral palsy

Answer 18

neurological conditions that affect movement and coordination

muscle stiffness or floppiness

muscle weakness
random and uncontrolled body movements

balance and coordination problems

defined by movements, limbs, affected or severity