Introduction to Implementation Science

Question 1

Definition of Implementation science

Answer 1

Study of methods to promote the integration of research findings and evidence into healthcare policy and practice

Question 2

Describe the pathway involved in implementation sciene

Answer 2

Knowledge from research
Adapt knowledge to local context
Assess barriers to implementation
Implement change
Monitor use
Evaluate use
Sustain use

Question 3

What are the 4 barriers to implementation

Describe the 4 barriers

Answer 3

Organisation

• inappropriate skill set
• lack of facilities, equipment

Peer group
-local standards of care not in line with desired practice

Individual
-knowledge, attitudes and skills

Limits of human processing
-new research published all the time

Question 4

What characteristic is key to implementation of new interventions

Answer 4

Behaviour

Standard of care depends on behaviour
-includes patients, healthcare workers, policy makers

Understand determinants of current behaviour and how it changes in order to change behaviour

Question 5

Describe the framework of behaviour change

Answer 5

Capability + Motivation + Opportunity => Behaviour changes

Question 6

What do you need to consider when selection a method of implementing change

Answer 6

Diagnostic assessment of barriers
Understand the mechanism of the intervention
Empirical evidence about effects of intervention
Available resources
Logistics

Question 7

What are some methods that can be used to implement change

What are the effects

Answer 7

Educational materials, meetings
Audit and feedback
Academic detailing
Pay for performance

v small improvements in clinical practise when the implementation intervention was investigated