INTRODUCTION TO ICT Flashcards
Refers to things “known”
A collection of independent raw facts, numbers, letters, symbols, and words
Refers to the facts and figures relating to events that take place.
Provide examples:
Data
Examples:
Number
Name
Date
Processed and organized data
is data made meaningful based on the needs of the user through manipulation.
Provide examples:
Information
Examples:
News article
Birth certificate
Books
DESIRABLE QUALITIES OF INFO
Timeliness
Relevance
Accuracy
Cost Effective
Completeness
Classification of Info
- Operational Info
- Daily details that go into running an organization, such as receipts, invoice, payslips, etc.
Ex. Invoice/ Receipt - Management Info
- Used to manage the planning, organizing and controlling of an organization
Ex. Sales, Financial Statement - Strategic Info
- Mission-critical and relates directly with the thrust of the organization or the bigger organization required to act in accordance with the environment or market or competition
Ex. Memo, MOA (memorandum of agreement), MOU (memorandum of understanding), Administrative order
It is a group of organized interdependent components that interact with and complement one another to achieve one or more predetermined goals
System
CHARACTERISTIC OF A SYSTEM
Bounded
Composed of parts
Hierarchical
Unitary whole
Parts interact
Goal oriented
TYPES OF SYSTEM
Close system - one with no inputs or outputs, it is completely isolated from its environment.
Open system - one with inputs and outputs. Since all the systems we deal within a computing context are open system.
Refers to a conceptual framework wherein input in the form of data is processed which would result in the generation of an output in the form of information.
DATA PROCESSING CONCEPT
INPUT - PROCESS - OUTPUT - (FEEDBACK)
Flow of data from the moment it is recorded until the time it becomes a usable piece of information
DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
- Origination
- Input preparation
- Processing
- Output preparation
- Storage and Feedback
(back to the top)
Data processing cycle:
It refers to the initial capture of data on some form or document.
Origination
data processing cycle:
It is the accurate recording or transcribing of data forms to permit convenient handling in whatever system the forms are being used.
Input preparation
Data processing cycle:
The actual conversion of data into useful and meaningful information.
Processing
Data processing cycle:
The process of generating the information and providing it to the use
Output preparation
Data processing cycle:
Storing and Feedback
Storage
The use of computer, data communications, office system methodologies and tools to generate information.
Information technology
Transmission of information over the network
Communication technology
__________ is the use of electronic computer, communication devices and software applications to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information.
Information communication technology
TRENDS IN ICT
- Increase In Raw Computing Power
- Increase In Storage Capacity
- Increasing Diversity
- Falling Prices
- Increasing Functionality And Flexibility
- Increasing User Friendliness
- Improved Connectivity
An electronic data processing machine capable of performing mathematical and logical operations and processing large volumes of data at high speeds
Computer
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
Speed
Accuracy
Storage
Automation
Versatility
Diligence
Characteristic of Computer:
- The computer was invented as a high-speed calculator.
- A powerful computer is capable of adding together two 18-digit number in 300 to 400 nanoseconds
Speed
Characteristic of Computer:
- The computer’s accuracy is consistently high.
- Errors in the machinery can occur but, due to increased efficiency in error-detecting techniques, these seldom lead to false results.
- The errors in computing are due to human rather than to technological weaknesses
Accuracy
Characteristic of Computer:
- A computer can store a large amount of data permanently.
- We can store any type of data in a computer. Text, graphic, pictures, audio and video files can be stored easily.
- The storage capacity of the computer is increasing rapidly
Storage
Characteristic of Computer
- A computer is much more than an adding machine, calculator
- Once a program is in the computer’s memory, the individual instructions are then transferred, one after the other, to the control unit for execution. The CPU follows these instructions until it meets a last instruction which says ‘stop program execution’.
Automation
Characteristic of Computer:
Computers seem capable of performing almost any task, provided that the task can be reduced to series of logical steps.
Versatility
Characteristic of Computer:
Computer does not suffer from the human traits of tiredness and lack of concentration.
Diligence
CAPABILITIES OF COMPUTER
- Ability to perform certain logic operations.
- Ability to provide new dimensions.
- Ability to store and retrieve information.
- Ability to control error.
- Ability to check itself.
Capability of Computer:
Computer has the ability not only mathematical calculations but also it can perform logical operations.
Ability to perform certain logic operations.
Capability of Computer:
Computer can process and perform complex mathematical and trigonometric functions.
Ability to provide new dimensions.
Capability of Computer:
Computer can perform automatic operations, detect errors and can make responses to user.
Ability to control error
Capability of Computer:
The ability to control error is the ability to check its own process.
Ability to check itself
BENEFITS OF COMPUTER
Makes business better
Easier research
Multi-language translation
Online tutoring
Better gaming and entertainment
Easier to communicate
Makes it easier to shop
LIMITATIONS OF COMPUTER
- Dependence on prepared instructions.
- Inability to derive meanings from objects.
- A computer does not have feelings.
- Inability to generate information.
- It cannot correct wrong instructions.
- It does not have the common sense.
Limitation of Computer:
The computer performs only what it is programmed to do and nothing else.
Dependence on prepared instructions.
Limitation of Computer:
It needs someone to feed the data for processing. A computer is nothing more than a piece of electronic equipment that can be manipulated by human to achieve its goals.
Inability to generate information.
Limitation of Computer:
A computer generally cannot detect and cannot correct on its own.
It cannot correct wrong instructions.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF COMPUTER:
(1) Based on operating principles
(2) Based on applications
(3) Based on size and capability
COMPUTERS BASED ON OPERATING PRINCIPLES
- Analog computers
- Digital computers
- Hybrid computers
Represent data in the form of continuous electrical signals having a specific magnitude
Analog computers
store and process data in the digital form.
Digital computers
a combination of analog computer and digital computer because it encompasses the best features of both
hybrid computers
Computers based on applicatios:
- General purpose computers
- Special purpose computers
computers that can work in all environments
General purpose computers
computers that can perform only a specified task
Special purpose computers
Computers based on size and capability
Microcomputer
Mainframe computer
Super computer
Computer designed to be used by individuals.
Microcomputer
deal with problems constrained by input/output and which demand reliability above all else. These are well suited for performing thousands upon thousands of concurrent transactions.
Mainframe computer
The fastest type of computer that can perform complex operations on a large data set at a very high speed. These are designed to work on types of problems whose primary constraint is calculation speed.
Supercomputer
