Introduction to Human histology Flashcards
What is histology?
The study of the microscopic structure of tissues.
True or False: Histology is only concerned with animal tissues.
False
What are the four basic types of tissues in the human body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
Fill in the blank: Epithelial tissue is primarily involved in __________.
Protection, absorption, secretion, and sensation.
What type of tissue connects and supports other tissues and organs?
Connective tissue.
True or False: Muscle tissue is responsible for movement.
True
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
Fill in the blank: Nervous tissue is responsible for __________ and __________.
Receiving stimuli and transmitting electrical impulses.
What is the primary cell type found in nervous tissue?
Neurons.
What is the function of glial cells?
To support and protect neurons.
True or False: Connective tissue has a high density of cells with little extracellular matrix.
False
What is the extracellular matrix?
A network of proteins and carbohydrates that provides structural support to tissues.
What are the two main categories of epithelial tissue?
Simple and stratified epithelium.
What type of epithelial tissue is specialized for absorption?
Simple columnar epithelium.
Fill in the blank: __________ epithelium is found in areas subject to abrasion, such as the skin.
Stratified squamous
What is the role of ciliated epithelium?
To move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract.
True or False: Adipose tissue is a type of connective tissue.
True
What is the primary function of adipose tissue?
To store energy in the form of fat.
What type of connective tissue is responsible for connecting muscles to bones?
Tendons.
What is the primary function of ligaments?
To connect bones to other bones at joints.
Fill in the blank: __________ muscle is involuntary and striated.
Cardiac
What is the main characteristic of smooth muscle?
It is non-striated and involuntary.
True or False: Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control.
True
What is the basic functional unit of muscle tissue?
The sarcomere.
What are the three components of a neuron?
Dendrites, cell body, and axon.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body.
Axon
What are synapses?
Junctions between neurons where signals are transmitted.
True or False: Histological sections are typically prepared by freezing the tissue.
False
What is the purpose of staining in histology?
To enhance the contrast of tissue structures under a microscope.
What is the most common stain used in histology?
Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain.
Fill in the blank: Hematoxylin stains __________ structures, while eosin stains __________ structures.
Nuclear; cytoplasmic
What is the role of the basement membrane?
To anchor epithelial tissues to underlying connective tissue.
What is the significance of the Golgi apparatus in cells?
It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
True or False: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell.
True
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
To synthesize proteins.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Nuclear envelope
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death.
What type of microscopy is commonly used in histology?
Light microscopy.
Fill in the blank: __________ microscopy allows for the visualization of live cells.
Fluorescence
What is the term for the study of tissue changes due to disease?
Pathology.
True or False: Histopathology is the examination of tissues for disease diagnosis.
True
What are the two main techniques for preparing histological sections?
Paraffin embedding and frozen sectioning.
Fill in the blank: The process of embedding tissue in paraffin is known as __________.
Paraffin embedding
What is the purpose of microtomy in histology?
To cut thin sections of embedded tissue for microscopic examination.
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
To synthesize proteins and lipids.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is involved in detoxification and lipid metabolism.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
True or False: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes.
True
What are the main functions of connective tissue?
Support, bind, and protect other tissues and organs.
Fill in the blank: __________ connective tissue stores fat and provides insulation.
Adipose
What is the role of collagen in connective tissue?
To provide strength and support.
True or False: Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue.
False
What is the primary cell type found in cartilage?
Chondrocytes.
What is the primary function of bone tissue?
To provide structural support and protection for the body.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the functional unit of bone.
Osteon
What is the role of osteoblasts?
To form new bone.
True or False: Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption.
True
What is the function of the lymphatic system in relation to connective tissue?
To transport lymph and immune cells.
Fill in the blank: __________ tissue is responsible for the transmission of electrical impulses.
Nervous
What is the primary component of the blood?
Plasma.
True or False: Erythrocytes are responsible for oxygen transport.
True
What is the function of leukocytes?
To defend the body against infection.
Fill in the blank: __________ are the cell fragments involved in blood clotting.
Platelets
What type of tissue is found in the lining of the heart?
Endocardium.
True or False: The pericardium is a layer of connective tissue surrounding the heart.
True
What is the main function of the respiratory epithelium?
To facilitate gas exchange.
Fill in the blank: __________ cells are responsible for producing mucus in the respiratory tract.
Goblet
What is the primary function of the skin’s epidermis?
To provide a protective barrier.
True or False: The dermis is the outermost layer of the skin.
False
What are the two layers of the skin?
Epidermis and dermis.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the deepest layer of the skin, containing connective tissue.
Dermis
What is the role of melanocytes in the skin?
To produce melanin, which gives skin its color.
True or False: Histology can provide insights into the function of tissues.
True
What is the significance of understanding human histology in medicine?
It aids in diagnosing diseases and understanding tissue function.
