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Anatomy > Introduction to Human Anatomy > Flashcards

Introduction to Human Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Define anatomy

A

Anatomy is the study of the structure of human body parts
and describe their relationships to one another

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2
Q

What are the 5 divisions of anatomy?

A
  1. Gross anatomy or Macroscopic (organs and systems)
  2. Embryology or Developmental Anatomy
  3. Histology or Microscopic (tissues and cells)
  4. Living anatomy (radiological anatomy, surface anatomy, applied and clinical surgical anatomy)
  5. Comparative Anatomy: compares structure of human beings with other creatures especially vertebrates.
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3
Q

What is cytology?

A

study of cells

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4
Q

what is the anatomical position?

A

A person standing erect with feet together and eyes forward. Palms face anteriorly with the thumbs pointed away from the body.

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5
Q

what is the language of anatomy?

A

A language used to describe the relative position of body parts; needed for communication

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6
Q

what is histology?

A

study of tissues

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7
Q

define anterior

A

towards the front of the body

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8
Q

what are the other names for anterior and posterior?

A

anterior- ventral
posterior- dorsal

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9
Q

define posterior

A

towards the back of the body

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10
Q

what are the other names for superior and inferior?

A

superior- cranial
interior- caudal

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11
Q

define superior

A

towards the head

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12
Q

define inferior

A

towards the feet

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13
Q

define proximal

A

nearer to the trunk

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14
Q

define distal

A

away from the trunk

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15
Q

define medial

A

towards the midline of the body

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16
Q

define lateral

A

away from the midline of the body

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17
Q

define superficial

A

nearer to the surface of the body

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18
Q

define profundus or deep

A

away from the surface of the body

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19
Q

define central

A

towards the center of the body

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20
Q

define peripheral

A

away from the central axis of the body

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21
Q

define ipsilateral

A

of the same side

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22
Q

define contralateral

A

of the opposite side

23
Q

what is the anterior surface in the upper limb and the posterior surface in the lower limb

A

flexor surface

24
Q

what is the posterior surface in the upper limb and the anterior surface in the lower limb

A

extensor surface

25
Q

define palmar surface of the hand

A

anterior surface

26
Q

define dorsal surface of the hand

A

posterior surface

27
Q

define plantar surface in relation to the foot

A

lower surface

28
Q

define dorsal surface in relation to the foot

A

upper surface

29
Q

towards the outer border of the upper limb

A

radial

30
Q

towards the inner border of the upper limb

A

ulnar

31
Q

towards the inner border of the lower limb

A

tibial

32
Q

towards the outer border of lower limb

A

fibular

33
Q

what is the other name for median sagittal plane?

A

midsagittal plane

34
Q

what is the vertical plane passing between the anterior midline and posterior midline, dividing the body into right & left halves?

A

midsaggital/median saggital plane

35
Q

what is the other name for parasagittal plane?

A

paramedian plane

36
Q

any plane parallel to the median sagittal plane

A

paramedian/parasaggital plane

37
Q

what is the imaginary vertical planes at right angles to the median plane?

A

coronal plane

38
Q

what is the plane at right angles to both the median and coronal planes; divides the body into superior and inferior portions?

A

transverse plane

39
Q

what is the internal chambers that hold vital organs and protects organs and allow them to change in shape and size?

A

body cavities

40
Q

what are the two body cavities

A
  1. dorsal cavity
  2. ventral cavity
41
Q

dorsal cavity is divided into what two cavities?

A
  1. cranial cavity
  2. spinal cavity
42
Q

ventral cavity is divided into what two cavities?

A
  1. thoracic cavity
  2. abdominopelvic cavity
43
Q

what are the four abdominopelvic quadrants?

A
  1. right upper quadrant
  2. left upper quadrant
  3. right lower quadrant
  4. left lower quadrant
44
Q

what are the organs contained in the right upper quadrant?

A

right lobe of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of stomach, small and large intestine

45
Q

what are the organs contained in the left upper quadrant?

A

left lobe of liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen. portions of large intestine

46
Q

what are the organs in the right lower quadrant?

A

cercum, vermiform appendix, portions of small intestine, reproductive organs (right ovary in female and right spermatic cord in male), and right ureter.

47
Q

what are the organs in the left lower quadrant?

A

most of small intestine, portions of large intestine, left ureter, reproductive organs (left ovary in female and left spermatic cord in male).

48
Q

what are the three serous membranes of the ventral body cavity?

A
  1. membrane
  2. visceral
  3. parietal
49
Q

a soft, thin, pliable layer of tissue

A

membrane

50
Q

covers a vital organ

A

visceral

51
Q

lines a body cavity

A

parietal

52
Q

what is the membrane name and cavity name of the heart

A

membrane name: pericardium
cavity name: pericardial

53
Q

what is the membrane name and cavity name of the lungs?

A

membrane name: pleura
cavity name pleural

54
Q

what is the membrane name and cavity name of abdominal organs and systems

A

membrane name: peritoneum
cavity name: peritoneal

Anatomy (3 decks)

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