Introduction to Human Anatomy

Question 1

Define anatomy

Answer 1

Anatomy is the study of the structure of human body parts
and describe their relationships to one another

Question 2

What are the 5 divisions of anatomy?

Answer 2

1. Gross anatomy or Macroscopic (organs and systems)
2. Embryology or Developmental Anatomy
3. Histology or Microscopic (tissues and cells)
4. Living anatomy (radiological anatomy, surface anatomy, applied and clinical surgical anatomy)
5. Comparative Anatomy: compares structure of human beings with other creatures especially vertebrates.

Question 3

What is cytology?

Answer 3

study of cells

Question 4

what is the anatomical position?

Answer 4

A person standing erect with feet together and eyes forward. Palms face anteriorly with the thumbs pointed away from the body.

Question 5

what is the language of anatomy?

Answer 5

A language used to describe the relative position of body parts; needed for communication

Question 6

what is histology?

Answer 6

study of tissues

Question 7

define anterior

Answer 7

towards the front of the body

Question 8

what are the other names for anterior and posterior?

Answer 8

anterior- ventral
posterior- dorsal

Question 9

define posterior

Answer 9

towards the back of the body

Question 10

what are the other names for superior and inferior?

Answer 10

superior- cranial
interior- caudal

Question 11

define superior

Answer 11

towards the head

Question 12

define inferior

Answer 12

towards the feet

Question 13

define proximal

Answer 13

nearer to the trunk

Question 14

define distal

Answer 14

away from the trunk

Question 15

define medial

Answer 15

towards the midline of the body

Question 16

define lateral

Answer 16

away from the midline of the body

Question 17

define superficial

Answer 17

nearer to the surface of the body

Question 18

define profundus or deep

Answer 18

away from the surface of the body

Question 19

define central

Answer 19

towards the center of the body

Question 20

define peripheral

Answer 20

away from the central axis of the body

Question 21

define ipsilateral

Answer 21

of the same side

Question 22

define contralateral

Answer 22

of the opposite side

Question 23

what is the anterior surface in the upper limb and the posterior surface in the lower limb

Answer 23

flexor surface

Question 24

what is the posterior surface in the upper limb and the anterior surface in the lower limb

Answer 24

extensor surface

Question 25

define palmar surface of the hand

Answer 25

anterior surface

Question 26

define dorsal surface of the hand

Answer 26

posterior surface

Question 27

define plantar surface in relation to the foot

Answer 27

lower surface

Question 28

define dorsal surface in relation to the foot

Answer 28

upper surface

Question 29

towards the outer border of the upper limb

Answer 29

radial

Question 30

towards the inner border of the upper limb

Answer 30

ulnar

Question 31

towards the inner border of the lower limb

Answer 31

tibial

Question 32

towards the outer border of lower limb

Answer 32

fibular

Question 33

what is the other name for median sagittal plane?

Answer 33

midsagittal plane

Question 34

what is the vertical plane passing between the anterior midline and posterior midline, dividing the body into right & left halves?

Answer 34

midsaggital/median saggital plane

Question 35

what is the other name for parasagittal plane?

Answer 35

paramedian plane

Question 36

any plane parallel to the median sagittal plane

Answer 36

paramedian/parasaggital plane

Question 37

what is the imaginary vertical planes at right angles to the median plane?

Answer 37

coronal plane

Question 38

what is the plane at right angles to both the median and coronal planes; divides the body into superior and inferior portions?

Answer 38

transverse plane

Question 39

what is the internal chambers that hold vital organs and protects organs and allow them to change in shape and size?

Answer 39

body cavities

Question 40

what are the two body cavities

Answer 40

1. dorsal cavity
2. ventral cavity

Question 41

dorsal cavity is divided into what two cavities?

Answer 41

1. cranial cavity
2. spinal cavity

Question 42

ventral cavity is divided into what two cavities?

Answer 42

1. thoracic cavity
2. abdominopelvic cavity

Question 43

what are the four abdominopelvic quadrants?

Answer 43

1. right upper quadrant
2. left upper quadrant
3. right lower quadrant
4. left lower quadrant

Question 44

what are the organs contained in the right upper quadrant?

Answer 44

right lobe of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of stomach, small and large intestine

Question 45

what are the organs contained in the left upper quadrant?

Answer 45

left lobe of liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen. portions of large intestine

Question 46

what are the organs in the right lower quadrant?

Answer 46

cercum, vermiform appendix, portions of small intestine, reproductive organs (right ovary in female and right spermatic cord in male), and right ureter.

Question 47

what are the organs in the left lower quadrant?

Answer 47

most of small intestine, portions of large intestine, left ureter, reproductive organs (left ovary in female and left spermatic cord in male).

Question 48

what are the three serous membranes of the ventral body cavity?

Answer 48

1. membrane
2. visceral
3. parietal

Question 49

a soft, thin, pliable layer of tissue

Answer 49

membrane

Question 50

covers a vital organ

Answer 50

visceral

Question 51

lines a body cavity

Answer 51

parietal

Question 52

what is the membrane name and cavity name of the heart

Answer 52

membrane name: pericardium
cavity name: pericardial

Question 53

what is the membrane name and cavity name of the lungs?

Answer 53

membrane name: pleura
cavity name pleural

Question 54

what is the membrane name and cavity name of abdominal organs and systems

Answer 54

membrane name: peritoneum
cavity name: peritoneal