Introduction to Hematology Flashcards
When did the science of studying blood start?
17th Century
Primary pioneer of hematology and their tool
Anton van Leeuwenhoek and company, primitive microscopes
Greek etymology of the word hematology
haima - blood
logos - study or science
the study of diseases related to alterations in blood cell number or appearance was a branch of ______
clinical medicine and pathology
What does clinical hematology entail?
the study of normal and abnormal development, physiology, function, and death or destruction of formed elements in the blood
What does modern hematology encompass?
the study of hemostatic mechanisms, hemorrhagic disease, and thrombosis
True or False
studies in clinical and modern hematology only occur in clinical laboratories
False, clinical and research labs
A suspension of red cell, white cells, and platelets
Blood
2 main parts of blood
- liquid portion
- formed elements
True or False
blood is liquid inside the body
True
True or False
blood clots within 8-10 minutes when outside the body
False, 5-8 mins
How is blood collected for studies?
Venipuncture
Types of blood that may be collected
Arterial blood
Venous blood
Capillary blood
True or False
arterial blood is derived from the arteries and is most commonly used for hematological exams
False, not commonly used
What tests are arterial blood used for? Give 2 examples.
Biochemical tests such as blood gases and blood pH
True or False
venous blood is necessary for most tests requiring anticoagulation
True
platelet counts are ______ in capillary blood than in venous blood
Lower
How is capillary blood collected?
Skin puncture
Why is capillary blood not often used?
They are liable to give erroneous results
True or False
capillary blood has a higher red cell count and a lower platelet and white cell count compared to venous blood
False, higher red and white cell, low platelet
Why does the capillary blood have a lower platelet count?
Platelets adhere to the site of puncture
____ blood is preferred in hematology
Anticoagulated
How is plasma separated from cellular elements?
Through centrifugation
True or False
fibrinogen is one of the cellular elements contained in the blood
False, it’s in the plasma
3 layers of anticoagulated blood
Red cell mass
Buffy coat
Plasma
most commonly used additive as anticoagulant
EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid)
Analogy
Blue tube: sodium citrate
Green tube: ______
heparin
Which additive is used for platelet counts and platelet function tests?
EDTA
Analogy
Platelets: buffy coat
Hormones: ______
Plasma
What holds the cellular elements together in clotted blood?
Fibrin mesh
Analogy
Anticoagulated blood: plasma
Clotted blood: ______
Serum
True or False
clotted blood is almost as often used as anticoagulated blood in hematological tests
False, not used for hematology
Tests performed on serum
Blood banking and biochemical tests
Routine tests in hematology
- specimen collection
- quantitative, instrumental, & manual measurement of cells
- measurement of cell volumes
- evaluation of cellular contents & components
- cellular identification
- ID of reactive/neoplastic alterations
- evaluation of leukocyte, erythrocyte, & platelet function
- evaluation of cellular development & formation
- evaluation of hemostatic function
Criteria in cellular identification
- morphologic
- cytochemical markers
- cell surface markers
Routine tests in hematology not present in a standard CBC
- evaluation of cellular development & formation
2. evaluation of hemostatic function
prefix for lack, without, absent, decreased
a- / an-
aniso-
unequal, dissimilar
prefix for cell
cyt-
dys-
abnormal, difficult, bad
prefix for red
erythro-
ferr-
iron
prefix for blood
hemo- or hemato-
hypo-
beneath, under, deficient
above, beyond, extreme
hyper-
iso-
equal, alike
prefix for white
leuk(o)-
macro-
large, long
prefix for large or giant
mega-
meta-
- after, next
- change
prefix for small
micro-
myel(o)-
- from the bone marrow
- spinal cord
prefix for all, overall, all-inclusive
pan-
phleb-
vein
prefix for eat or ingest
phago-
poikilo-
varied, irregular
prefix for many
poly-
schis-
split
prefix for hard
scler-
splen-
spleen
prefix for clot or thrombus
thromb(o)-
xanth-
yellow
suffix for cell
-cyte
-emia
blood
suffix for inflammation
-itis
-lysis
destruction or dissolving
suffix for swelling or tumor
-oma
-opathy
disease
suffix for an abnormal increase or disease
-osis
-penia
decreased, deficiency
suffix for attracted to or affinity for
-phil(ic)
-plasia / -plastic
cell production or repair
suffix for cell production, formation, & development
-poiesis
-poietin
stimulates production
anisocytosis
abnormal lack of equality among cells
condition wherein cell production is absent
aplasia
anemia
decreased blood
abnormal development of bone marrow cells
dysmyelopoiesis
panmyelosis
abnormal increase in all marrow cells
