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Hematology > Introduction to Hematology > Flashcards

Introduction to Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

When did the science of studying blood start?

A

17th Century

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2
Q

Primary pioneer of hematology and their tool

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek and company, primitive microscopes

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3
Q

Greek etymology of the word hematology

A

haima - blood

logos - study or science

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4
Q

the study of diseases related to alterations in blood cell number or appearance was a branch of ______

A

clinical medicine and pathology

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5
Q

What does clinical hematology entail?

A

the study of normal and abnormal development, physiology, function, and death or destruction of formed elements in the blood

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6
Q

What does modern hematology encompass?

A

the study of hemostatic mechanisms, hemorrhagic disease, and thrombosis

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7
Q

True or False

studies in clinical and modern hematology only occur in clinical laboratories

A

False, clinical and research labs

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8
Q

A suspension of red cell, white cells, and platelets

A

Blood

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9
Q

2 main parts of blood

A
  • liquid portion

- formed elements

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10
Q

True or False

blood is liquid inside the body

A

True

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11
Q

True or False

blood clots within 8-10 minutes when outside the body

A

False, 5-8 mins

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12
Q

How is blood collected for studies?

A

Venipuncture

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13
Q

Types of blood that may be collected

A

Arterial blood
Venous blood
Capillary blood

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14
Q

True or False

arterial blood is derived from the arteries and is most commonly used for hematological exams

A

False, not commonly used

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15
Q

What tests are arterial blood used for? Give 2 examples.

A

Biochemical tests such as blood gases and blood pH

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16
Q

True or False

venous blood is necessary for most tests requiring anticoagulation

A

True

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17
Q

platelet counts are ______ in capillary blood than in venous blood

A

Lower

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18
Q

How is capillary blood collected?

A

Skin puncture

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19
Q

Why is capillary blood not often used?

A

They are liable to give erroneous results

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20
Q

True or False

capillary blood has a higher red cell count and a lower platelet and white cell count compared to venous blood

A

False, higher red and white cell, low platelet

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21
Q

Why does the capillary blood have a lower platelet count?

A

Platelets adhere to the site of puncture

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22
Q

____ blood is preferred in hematology

A

Anticoagulated

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23
Q

How is plasma separated from cellular elements?

A

Through centrifugation

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24
Q

True or False

fibrinogen is one of the cellular elements contained in the blood

A

False, it’s in the plasma

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25
Q

3 layers of anticoagulated blood

A

Red cell mass
Buffy coat
Plasma

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26
Q

most commonly used additive as anticoagulant

A

EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid)

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27
Q

Analogy
Blue tube: sodium citrate
Green tube: ______

A

heparin

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28
Q

Which additive is used for platelet counts and platelet function tests?

A

EDTA

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29
Q

Analogy
Platelets: buffy coat
Hormones: ______

A

Plasma

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30
Q

What holds the cellular elements together in clotted blood?

A

Fibrin mesh

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31
Q

Analogy
Anticoagulated blood: plasma
Clotted blood: ______

A

Serum

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32
Q

True or False

clotted blood is almost as often used as anticoagulated blood in hematological tests

A

False, not used for hematology

33
Q

Tests performed on serum

A

Blood banking and biochemical tests

34
Q

Routine tests in hematology

A
  • specimen collection
  • quantitative, instrumental, & manual measurement of cells
  • measurement of cell volumes
  • evaluation of cellular contents & components
  • cellular identification
  • ID of reactive/neoplastic alterations
  • evaluation of leukocyte, erythrocyte, & platelet function
  • evaluation of cellular development & formation
  • evaluation of hemostatic function
35
Q

Criteria in cellular identification

A
  • morphologic
  • cytochemical markers
  • cell surface markers
36
Q

Routine tests in hematology not present in a standard CBC

A
  1. evaluation of cellular development & formation

2. evaluation of hemostatic function

37
Q

prefix for lack, without, absent, decreased

A

a- / an-

38
Q

aniso-

A

unequal, dissimilar

39
Q

prefix for cell

A

cyt-

40
Q

dys-

A

abnormal, difficult, bad

41
Q

prefix for red

A

erythro-

42
Q

ferr-

A

iron

43
Q

prefix for blood

A

hemo- or hemato-

44
Q

hypo-

A

beneath, under, deficient

45
Q

above, beyond, extreme

A

hyper-

46
Q

iso-

A

equal, alike

47
Q

prefix for white

A

leuk(o)-

48
Q

macro-

A

large, long

49
Q

prefix for large or giant

A

mega-

50
Q

meta-

A
  • after, next

- change

51
Q

prefix for small

A

micro-

52
Q

myel(o)-

A
  • from the bone marrow

- spinal cord

53
Q

prefix for all, overall, all-inclusive

A

pan-

54
Q

phleb-

A

vein

55
Q

prefix for eat or ingest

A

phago-

56
Q

poikilo-

A

varied, irregular

57
Q

prefix for many

A

poly-

58
Q

schis-

A

split

59
Q

prefix for hard

A

scler-

60
Q

splen-

A

spleen

61
Q

prefix for clot or thrombus

A

thromb(o)-

62
Q

xanth-

A

yellow

63
Q

suffix for cell

A

-cyte

64
Q

-emia

A

blood

65
Q

suffix for inflammation

A

-itis

66
Q

-lysis

A

destruction or dissolving

67
Q

suffix for swelling or tumor

A

-oma

68
Q

-opathy

A

disease

69
Q

suffix for an abnormal increase or disease

A

-osis

70
Q

-penia

A

decreased, deficiency

71
Q

suffix for attracted to or affinity for

A

-phil(ic)

72
Q

-plasia / -plastic

A

cell production or repair

73
Q

suffix for cell production, formation, & development

A

-poiesis

74
Q

-poietin

A

stimulates production

75
Q

anisocytosis

A

abnormal lack of equality among cells

76
Q

condition wherein cell production is absent

A

aplasia

77
Q

anemia

A

decreased blood

78
Q

abnormal development of bone marrow cells

A

dysmyelopoiesis

79
Q

panmyelosis

A

abnormal increase in all marrow cells

Hematology (3 decks)

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