Introduction to Hematological Malignancies Flashcards
What are clonal populations?
Malignant cells arising from a transformed cell of marrow derivation
Define: Leukemia
A malinancy of hematopoietic cells, where the chief manifestation is involvement of the blood and marrow
Define: Lymphoma
A malignancy of hematopoietic cells, derived from lymphocytes or their precursors, which presents primarily as a solid mass
What is an extramedullary myeloid tumor?
A malignancy of hematopoietic cells, derived from myeloid cells or their precursors, which present primarily as a solid mass
What is the difference between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)?
They are the same basic biologic disease, the difference is between whether the disease is primarily involving the blood and marrow (CLL) or primarily present as enlarged lymph nodes due to solid growth (SLL)
What does grade mean in hematological diseases?
High grade- being more aggressive/ more rapidly gowiing.
Low grade- Less aggressive/ slower growing
What type of hematopoietic malignancy is classified as a high or low grade?
Lymphomas
Describe acute vs. chronic leukemia.
Acute- Used for high grade leukemias
Chronic- Used for low grade leukemias
What type of hematopoietic malignancy is classified as acute or chronic?
Leukemias
True or False:
All hematopoietic neoplasms are regarded to be malignancies.
True
What chromosomal translocation is associated with CML?
t(9;22)
Name three viruses associated with lymphomas.
- Epstein-Barr (EBV)
- Human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1)
- Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus/ Human herpesvirus-8 (KSV/HHV-8)
What virus can play a role in the genesis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and some cases of Burkitt lymphoma, and some cases of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas?
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
What virus can play a role in the genesis of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)?
Human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1)
What virus can play a role in the genesis of primary effusion lymphoma?
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus/ Human herpesvirus-8 (KSV/HHV-8)
Name two predisposing factors for hematopoietic malignancies.
- Inherited immunodeficiencies and inherited conditions of genomic instability (e.g. ataxia-telangiectasia)
- Radiation exposure and certain chemotherapies
What arises from mature or immature members of the granulocytic, monocytic, erythroid, megakeryocytic, and mast cell lineages?
Myeloid malignancies
What arises from mature or immature members of the B cell, T cell, and NK cell lineages?
Lymphoid malignancies
Name three tools for evaluating acute leukemia.
- Morphology
- Immunophenotyping
- Immunohistochemistry
What is myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)?
Clonal population derived from a neoplastic hematopoietic stem cells that take over the marrow, and is not capable of making normal blood cells in one or more lineages
How does MDS present?
Low peripheral blood cell count
Some people say that MDS is a precursor for AML, some don’t. Why the discrepancy?
Many people die before they ever get AML
Why do people with MDS die?
Failure of the marrow to make normal blood cells
What is myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs)?
Neoplastic clonal proliferations of the marrow where the clone makes normal functioning blood cells, one or multiple lineages, but makes too man of them.
