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Blood and Lymph Unit 2 > Introduction to Hematological Malignancies > Flashcards

Introduction to Hematological Malignancies Flashcards

1
Q

What are clonal populations?

A

Malignant cells arising from a transformed cell of marrow derivation

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2
Q

Define: Leukemia

A

A malinancy of hematopoietic cells, where the chief manifestation is involvement of the blood and marrow

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3
Q

Define: Lymphoma

A

A malignancy of hematopoietic cells, derived from lymphocytes or their precursors, which presents primarily as a solid mass

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4
Q

What is an extramedullary myeloid tumor?

A

A malignancy of hematopoietic cells, derived from myeloid cells or their precursors, which present primarily as a solid mass

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5
Q

What is the difference between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)?

A

They are the same basic biologic disease, the difference is between whether the disease is primarily involving the blood and marrow (CLL) or primarily present as enlarged lymph nodes due to solid growth (SLL)

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6
Q

What does grade mean in hematological diseases?

A

High grade- being more aggressive/ more rapidly gowiing.

Low grade- Less aggressive/ slower growing

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7
Q

What type of hematopoietic malignancy is classified as a high or low grade?

A

Lymphomas

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8
Q

Describe acute vs. chronic leukemia.

A

Acute- Used for high grade leukemias

Chronic- Used for low grade leukemias

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9
Q

What type of hematopoietic malignancy is classified as acute or chronic?

A

Leukemias

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10
Q

True or False:

All hematopoietic neoplasms are regarded to be malignancies.

A

True

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11
Q

What chromosomal translocation is associated with CML?

A

t(9;22)

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12
Q

Name three viruses associated with lymphomas.

A
  1. Epstein-Barr (EBV)
  2. Human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1)
  3. Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus/ Human herpesvirus-8 (KSV/HHV-8)
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13
Q

What virus can play a role in the genesis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and some cases of Burkitt lymphoma, and some cases of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas?

A

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

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14
Q

What virus can play a role in the genesis of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)?

A

Human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1)

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15
Q

What virus can play a role in the genesis of primary effusion lymphoma?

A

Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus/ Human herpesvirus-8 (KSV/HHV-8)

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16
Q

Name two predisposing factors for hematopoietic malignancies.

A
  1. Inherited immunodeficiencies and inherited conditions of genomic instability (e.g. ataxia-telangiectasia)
  2. Radiation exposure and certain chemotherapies
17
Q

What arises from mature or immature members of the granulocytic, monocytic, erythroid, megakeryocytic, and mast cell lineages?

A

Myeloid malignancies

18
Q

What arises from mature or immature members of the B cell, T cell, and NK cell lineages?

A

Lymphoid malignancies

19
Q

Name three tools for evaluating acute leukemia.

A
  1. Morphology
  2. Immunophenotyping
  3. Immunohistochemistry
20
Q

What is myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)?

A

Clonal population derived from a neoplastic hematopoietic stem cells that take over the marrow, and is not capable of making normal blood cells in one or more lineages

21
Q

How does MDS present?

A

Low peripheral blood cell count

22
Q

Some people say that MDS is a precursor for AML, some don’t. Why the discrepancy?

A

Many people die before they ever get AML

23
Q

Why do people with MDS die?

A

Failure of the marrow to make normal blood cells

24
Q

What is myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs)?

A

Neoplastic clonal proliferations of the marrow where the clone makes normal functioning blood cells, one or multiple lineages, but makes too man of them.

25
Q

How are MPNs classified?

A

Cytogenetic abnormality

Types of blood cell(s) being overproduced

26
Q

What types of cells are found in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL)?

A

-Hodgkin-Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells

27
Q

What are Hodgkin-Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells derived from?

A

B cells

28
Q

What term is used for any malignancy derived from mature B cells (excluding CHL or plasma cell neoplasms), T cells, or NK cells?

A

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

29
Q

MGUS, plasmacytoma, and multiple myeloma are all considered what type of neoplasm?

A

Plasma cell neoplasm

Blood and Lymph Unit 2 (9 decks)

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