Introduction to haematology Flashcards
Blood components and products?
Plasma- Clotting or coagulation factors, albumin, antibodies
Buffy coat- platelets, white cells or leukocytes
Red blood cells
functions of blood?
Transport
- Gases (O2 and CO3) in red cells
- Nutrients
- Waste
- Messages in plasma
Maintenance of Vascular Integrity
- Prevention of leaks (platlets and clotting factor)
- Prevention of blockage (anticoagulants and fibrinolytics)
Protection from pathogens
- Phagocytosis and killing (granulocytes/ monocytes)
- Antigen recognition and antibody formation (lymphocytes)
where is bone marrow found?
children- in bones
Elderly- Axial
what does bone marrow look like?
stroma and sinusoids
Erythoid differentiation
erythroblast- reticulocyte- erythrocyte
Erythropoietin (made in kidney in response to hypoxia) Reticulocyte count (measure of red cell production)
Function of platlets
haemostasis and immune
Describe platelet production
Production regulated by thrombopoietin
- produced in liver
- regulation by platelet mass feedback
Lifespan= 7days
function of neutrophils?
To ingest and destroy pathogens (especially bacteria and fungi)
Lifespan 1-2 days
Neutrophil differentiation?
1- Blast (Acute myeloid leukemia) 2- Promyelocyte 3- Myelocyte 4- Metamyelocyte 5- Neutrophil
What is neutrophilia?
Increase in circulating neutrophils
What regulates neutrophil production?
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
what is neutropenia
decreases in circulating neutrophils
Causes of neutropenia
Decreased production:
- drugs
- marrow failure
Increased consumption:
- sepsis
- autoimmune
Altered function:
-eg chronic granulomatous disease
Function of Monocytes “the reticuloendothelial system”
to ingest and destroy pathogens, especially bacteria and fungi
Some become macrophages or dendritic cells in tissue
What is lymphocytosis and causes?
Increased lymphocytes
Cause- infectious mononucleosis, pertussis
