Introduction To Haematological Malignancies

Question 1

Pathogens is of haematological malignancy

Answer 1

Multi step process
Acquired genetic alterations in a long lived cell
Proliferative/ survival advantage of mutated cell
Producing malignant clone
Malignant clone grows to dominate the tissue (eg bone marrow or lymph nodes)

Question 2

What cells do myeloid malignancies affect

Answer 2

Red blood cells,
Platelets,
Monocytes,
Granulocytes

Question 3

What cells do lymphoid malignancies affect

Answer 3

T cells,

B cells

Question 4

What cells does Acute myeloid leukemia affect?

Answer 4

Myeloid progenitor

In bone marrow before fully differentiated

Question 5

What cells do myeloproliferative disorders affect?

Answer 5

Fully differentiated cells 
Eg
Neutrophils,
Eosinophils,
Basophils,
Monocytes,
Red blood cells,
Platelets

Question 6

What cells does Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia affect?

Answer 6

Lymphoid progenitor

Question 7

Difference between acute and chronic leukaemia?

Answer 7

Acute- cells don’t differentiate
Chronic- cells differentiate

Acute-bone marrow failure
Chronic- proliferation without bone marrow failure

Acute-rapidly fatal
Chronic-survival for years

Acute-potentially curable
Chronic-potentially curable with modern therapy

Question 8

Where do B cells mature

Answer 8

In germinal centre of lymph node

Question 9

Different types of lymphadenopathy?

Answer 9

Localised and painful:
Bacterial infection is draining site

Localised and painless:
Rare infections,
Metastatic carcinoma from draining site (hard),
Lymphoma (rubbery)
Reactive

Generalised and painful/ tender:
Viral infections, EBV, CMV, hepatitis, HIV

Generalised and painless:
Lymphoma
Leukaemia 
Connective tissue disease, sarcoidosis 
Reactive 
Drugs