Introduction to GI and Metabolism Flashcards
What is coeliac disease?
Coeliac disease an autoimmune disease affecting the digestives system that makes a person have an adverse reaction to gluten. Classic symptoms include gastrointestinal problems such as chronic diarrhoea, abdominal distention, malabsorption, loss of appetite and among children failure to grow normally. Treatment is a gluten-fee diet.
What is the pylorus?
At the end of the stomach is the pyloric sphincter (pylorus), a valve that controls the release of food into the duodenum. The gall bladder, the pancreas and liver, drain their digestive juices into the small intestine all facilitating digestion.
How do the large intestine and small intestine differ histologically?
In the small intestine there is villi to increase absorbing capacity. The large intestine, the colon, does not have villi. Its function is more to do with the absorption of water
How does food move throughout the GI tract?
Peristalsis. Peristalsis is smooth muscle contraction to facilitate the movement of the food bolus. It is co-ordinated movement. There is need for relaxation of sphincters, at the lower part of the of the oesophagus, the lower part of the stomach and at the ileocecal valve.
What vessels is the hepatic portal vein supplied from?
- Superior mesenteric vein - drains the right side of the colon and SI
- Inferior mesenteric vein - drains the left colon and rectum
- Splenic vein
- Gastric vein
Where does most of the absorption from the SI occur?
Jejunum
What is the difference between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease?
Crohn’s disease rarely affects the rectum. Ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon while Crohn’s disease can occur anywhere between the mouth and the anus. In Crohn’s disease, there are healthy parts of the intestine mixed in between inflamed areas. Ulcerative colitis, on the other hand, is continuous inflammation of the colon.
What are diverticulum?
Diverticulum - an abnormal sac or pouch formed at a weak point in the wall of the alimentary tract. This can be small pockets on the colon. They are weak spots on the bowel and blood vessels can puncture through. The pots can fil. It can also cause a perforation or bleeding.
What is the effects of H pylori?
Gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcers (ulcers can also be caused by NSAID’s) and gastric cancer.
Pyloric stenosis can be a consequence of ulceration. The complications of ulceration is pain. These ulcers rarely can bleed and perforate. In healing, it can lead to fibrosis. Pyloric stenosis is a complication in which the stomach fails to empty. This can also be caused by NSAIDs.
What is cholecystitis?
The gallstone is pushed into the bile duct but on relaxation does not release and move back. This can lead to chronic obstruction of the cystic duct. This can become inflamed and infected. Treatment is antibiotics and surgery.
What is cholangitis?
The gallstone is pushed into the cystic duct and into the common bile duct. It then blocks the common bile duct. This leads to jaundice. If the bile is stagnant, the bile can become infected in cholangitis. This means they become septic.
What is binary colic?
Biliary colic - in contraction, the stone can be squeezed into the cystic duct. If the stone is squeezed into the duct and blocks it. The gall bladder is continuously trying to get rid of it leading to a intermittent pain.
