introduction to genetics Flashcards
what is the scientific study genes and heredity?
genetics
____ are passed down from parents to offspring as a result of changes in DNA sequence
traits
what are the building blocks of DNA?
nucleotides
components of a nucleotide (3)
- one five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
- one phosphate group
- one of the four nitrogenous bases (A,G,T,C)
_____ forms the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in our cells
polynucleotide
what are the four types of nucleotides?
- thymine (T)
- cytosine (C)
- adenine (A)
- guanine (G)
are pyrimidines, built from a single carbon-nitrogen ring
thymine (T) and cytosine (C)
are purines, built from a pair of fused carbon-nitrogen rings
adenine (A) and guanine (G)
what are joined to form a polynucleotide chain?
DNA nucleotides
are linked by phosphate groups in an alternating pattern, forming a sugar phosphate backbone
deoxyribose sugars
is a DNA sequence that codes for a particular protein
gene
process by which the instructions in DNA are converted into functional product (proteins)
the central dogma of molecular biology
DNA > ___ > amino acids
RNA
Each new double strand consists of one parental strand and one new daughter strand.
replication
the information in the DNA of every cell is converted into small, portable RNA messages or mRNA.
transcription
where the DNA is in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes where they are read’ to make specific amino acids (proteins).
translation
a group of three RNA base pairs that codes for a specific amino acid
codon
a type of gene mutation that causes a different amino acid to be expressed
missense mutation
