Introduction to General Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Define Anatomy
The study of the structure of body and parts of the body
Define Physiology
The study of how the body and body parts function.
List and describe the 10 major characteristics of life
Excretion - waste removal
Respiration - removing CO2 from the body and replacing it with Oxygen
Assimilation - Movement of digested food
Reproduction - Process of making new organisms
Growth - increase in body size
Circulation - moving blood and fluids throughout the body
Absorption - Absorbing secretions and fluids
Movement - Changing positions
Responsiveness - Reaction to a change
Digestion - Breaking down foods to create energy for your body.
List and Describe the 5 major requirements of organisms
Water - can be a reactant, product, or a solvent ; water makes up much of our bodily fluids ; water moderates temperature changes
Food: provides energy and raw materials for the body
Oxygen: helps release energy in the form of the molecule ATP
Heat: heat can speed up the rate of a chemical reaction. Too little heat will slow down chemical reactions, but too much can be harmful to living organisms
Pressure: these are the forces in the body or outside the body that are required for life.
Define homeostasis
The balance needed to maintain a stable internal environment
Describe the major components of a homeostatic mechanism
Stimulus - change
Receptor - detects the change/stimulus
Control center - change compared to set points
Set point - normal value, usually a range
Effectors - muscles or glands that carry out the appropriate response
Response - return to normal
Negative Feedback
Far more common - trying to correct the body back to normal
Example: maintaining body temp
Positive Feedback
Moving away from normal
Examples: Childbirth, Lactating, Blood clotting
Levels of organization (smallest to largest)
Atoms Molecules Macromolecules Organelles Cells Tissue Organ Organ System Organism
What structure physically separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities
The diaphragm
Where is the mediastinum located?
Down the middle of the chest and includes the heart, esophagus, trachea and thymus
List the major organs in each major body cavity
Cranial Cavity - brain
Vertebral Cavity (spinal cavity) - spinal cord
Thoracic cavity (chest cavity)- lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus
Abdominopelvic cavity ( 2 cavities)
- Abdominal cavity - stomach, gallbladder, liver, spleen and intestines
- Pelvic cavity - rectum, bladder, reproductive organs
Dorsal and Ventral cavities - Diaphragm
Name the serous membranes associated with the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Lungs - Visceral Pleura
Heart - Visceral Pericardium
Abdominopelvic organs - Parietal Peritoneum
Sagittal Plane
Divides the body into right and left (Median Plane)
Median or Midsagittal
Divides the body into EQUAL right and left
