introduction to epidemiology Flashcards
What is the public health approach to epidemiology?
1.Surveillence
2. Risk factor identification
3.intervention evaluation
4. implementation
What is epidemiology?
The distribution of health outcomes or disease within populations ,
The factor that determine the spread of health outcomes or disease
Epidemic or break out
disease occurance amongst a population that is in excess of what is expected in a given time or place.
Cluster
group of cases in a specific time or place that might be more then expected
endemic
disease or condition present amongst a population at all times
pandemic
a disease that spreads across regions
The role of an epidemiologist
Examine patterns of illness in populations , try to determine why certain people develop a disease and others don’t.
they provide a logical structure analyst
Rate
number of cases occuring during a specific period always dependent on the size of the population at that period
The role of epidemiology in public health
Population or community health assessment ❑ Explain aetiology of diseases
❑ Track trends
❑ Establish risk factors
❑ Individual decisions
❑ Control the occurrence of disease to help:
* Prevent new cases
* Eradicate existing diseases
* Prolong the lives of those who already have the disease
nutritional epidemiology
Nutritional epidemiology is the application of epidemiological methods to the study of how diet is related to health and disease in humans at the population level.
* Nutritional epidemiology examines dietary or nutritional factors in relation to disease occurrence in populations.
modern nutritional epidemeliogy
focuses on the etiology of chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis etc
* However, the path from observing to curing disease is more complicated for chronic diseases than deficiency diseases
absaloute vs relative
