Introduction To Enzymes

Question 1

What does digestion mean?

Answer 1

The breakdown of food, into small soluble nutrients, that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 2

What are the 3 main food groups?

Answer 2

1. Carbohydrates
2. Protein
3. Fats

Question 3

Why do we need carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Primary source of energy

Question 4

In what foods do you find carbohydrates and what happens to them?

Answer 4

Bread
Pasta
Rice —> Broken down into glucose for fuel
Fruits
Vegetables …

Question 5

Why do we need protein?

Answer 5

Growth
Repair
Maintenance of body tissue

Question 6

In what foods do we find protein? What are they composed of ?

Answer 6

—> Meat
—> Fish
—> Eggs —> Composed of amino acids, building blocks of body
—> Dairy Products
—> Legumes

Question 7

Why do we need fats?

Answer 7

—>A source of long-term energy storage (play a role in the absorption of fat soluble vitamins A,D,E,K)

—> Protecting vital organs

—> Insulating the body

Question 8

In what foods do we find fats? Sources of?

Answer 8

—> Oils
—> Butter —> All sources of long term energy storage &
—> Nuts absorption of fat soluble vitamins
—> Fatty fish

Question 9

Describe the role of the mouth in the digestive system:

Answer 9

—>Teeth mechanically break down food
—> mix it with saliva (for lubrication)
—> Add carbohydrate enzymes (Amylase) for digestion

Question 10

Describe the role of the oesophagus in the digestive system:

Answer 10

Connects mouth to stomach

Question 11

Describe the role of the stomach in the digestive system:

Answer 11

Food mixes with acid
—> To kill microorganisms and enzymes for digestion

Question 12

Describe the role of the liver in the digestive system:

Answer 12

Makes bile
—> Breaks down fats we have eaten

Question 13

Describe the role of the pancreas in the digestive system:

Answer 13

Makes 3 types of digestive enzymes

Question 14

Describe the role of the small intestine in the digestive system:

Answer 14

Nutrients from food are absorbed into the blood in this organ (5 metres long)

Question 15

Describe the role of the large intestine in the digestive system:

Answer 15

Water is absorbed into the blood, in this short but wide organ, leaving only waste material

Question 16

Describe the role of the rectum in the digestive system:

Answer 16

Final section of large intestine
—> Temporary store of faeces (undigested food which is passed from your anus)

Question 17

Enzymes are also sometimes called …

Answer 17

Biological Catalyst

Question 18

What do enzymes do?

—> How much catalyst is needed to increase the rate of reaction between large amounts of reactants?

Answer 18

Speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being used up

—> Only a small amount of catalyst is needed to increase the rate of reactions between large amounts of reactants

Question 19

Enzymes are large …

Answer 19

Proteins

Question 20

What determines whether an enzyme will catalyse a specific reaction?

Answer 20

Shape of Active Site

Question 21

Explain the 4 steps of how enzymes break down nutrients:

Answer 21

1. Substrate enters active site of enzyme
2. Enzyme/Substrate complex (enzyme changes shape slightly as substrate binds)
3. Enzyme/Products complex
4. Products leave active site of enzyme