Introduction to Endocrine System Flashcards
adrenal gland
produces stress hormones that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and carbohydrate and fat metabolism; in addition, makes hormones involved in sodium retention
hypothalamus
produces hypophysiotropic hormones that control the anterior pituitary; in addition, makes hormones that are stored in the posterior pituitary
ovaries
produces estrogen and progesterone, which are involved in uterine and mammary tissue development and female secondary sex characteristics; maintenance of pregnancy
pancreas
produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate the level of glucose in the blood
parathyroid gland
produces parathyroid hormone, which stimulates bone resorption and increase blood calcium levels
pineal gland
produces melatonin, which is involved in rhythmic activities, such as daily sleep-wake cycles
pituitary gland
also known as hypophysis; produces tropic hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands
testes
produces testosterone, which is responsible for spermatogenesis and male secondary sex characteristics
thyroid gland
produces thyroxine, which regulates the rate of metabolism; essential to normal growth and development; in addition, makes calcitonin, which lowers blood calcium levels
thymus
produces thymosin, which stimulates T cell development
examples of endocrine glands
adrenal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pineal gland,
examples of exocrine glands
mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, tear ducts, sebaceous glands, mucus glands
hypophysiotropic hormones
stimulate/inhibit release of tropic hormones within anterior pituitary
tropic hormones
stimulate production of hormones by another endocrine gland and maintains endocrine tissue
non-tropic hormones
exert effects on non-endocrine target tissues
