Introduction to Ecology and Feeding Relationships

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

the study of all components (biotic and abiotic) within a defined area

Question 2

biotic factor

Answer 2

a componet of an area that is alive

Question 3

abiotic factor

Answer 3

a component of an area that is not alive

Question 4

6 levels of organization

Answer 4

individuals
populations
communities
ecosystems
biomes
biosphere

Question 5

individuals

Answer 5

a single organism

Question 6

populations

Answer 6

all of the same species in an area

Question 7

communities

Answer 7

all of the living things (biotic factors) in an area

Question 8

ecosystems

Answer 8

all of the biotic and abiotic factors in an area

Question 9

biomes

Answer 9

an area that contains biotic and abiotic factors and is defined by weather

Question 10

biospheres

Answer 10

a single planet (Earth)

Question 11

6 major biomes

Answer 11

tropical rainforest (TRF)
desert
tundra
deciduous forest
coniferous forest
grassland

Question 12

3 things biomes are distuguished by

Answer 12

temperature
water (percipitation)
soil

Question 13

aquatic biomes are distinguished mostly by

Answer 13

fresh water or salt water

Question 14

esturies

Answer 14

where freshwater meets slatwater (a river pouring into an ocean)

Question 15

4 marine zones

Answer 15

Intertidal/Neretic
Open sea/Oceanic
Sea/Pelagic
Deep sea/Benthic

Question 16

Intertidal/Neretic

Answer 16

highly photic has contact with the cost (contains the most life)

Question 17

Open sea/Oceanic

Answer 17

photic but no contact with the coast

Question 18

Sea/Pelagic

Answer 18

non-photic and no contact with land

Question 19

Deep sea/Benthic

Answer 19

non-photic, cold temperatures and high pressure

Question 20

2 main traits that marine zones are based on

Answer 20

depth-light, pressure, temperature

contact with coast

Question 21

trophic

Answer 21

energy

Question 22

4 trophic levels

Answer 22

primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tetiary consumers

Question 23

primary producers

Answer 23

autotrophs

Question 24

primary consumers

Answer 24

herbivores

Question 25

secondary consumers

Answer 25

carnivores

Question 26

tetiary consumers

Answer 26

omnivores

Question 27

detritivores

Answer 27

detritus feeders/scavengers, larger, on energy pyramid(secondary consumers), ex: cyotes, vultures

Question 28

decomposers

Answer 28

smaller not on energy pyramid because of size, ex: bacteria, fungi, muleworms

Question 29

similarities of detritivores and decomposers

Answer 29

both are heterotrophs that feed off of non-living organic matter

Question 30

food chain

Answer 30

trophic level linear pathway

Question 31

food web

Answer 31

many food chains

Question 32

energy flow

Answer 32

ecological efficiency is the % of energy transfered from one trophic level to the next

Question 33

10% rule

Answer 33

multiplicative loss per level (90% lost, 10% transfered)

Question 34

3 types of pyramids

Answer 34

energy
biomass
numbers

Question 35

pyramid of energy

Answer 35

shows amount of retained and available energy per trophic level (measured in jules/calories)

Question 36

pyramid of biomass

Answer 36

shows the actual weight of what each trophic level contains (measured in grams)

Question 37

pyramid of numbers

Answer 37

shows the actual number of each type of organism on each trophic level

Question 38

trophic structure/levels

Answer 38

feeding relationships in an ecosystem: trophic means “nourishment”