introduction to dosage forms

Question 1

the five steps involved in the drug discovery process

Answer 1

discovery and screening
lead optimization
ADMET
clinical trials
NDA approval

Question 2

pharmaceutics

Answer 2

a branch of pharmaceutical science that deals with the design, formulation, manufacture, and evaluation of pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Question 3

dosage forms

Answer 3

the means by which drug molecules aredelivered to sites of action within the body.

Question 4

why do we need dosage forms

Answer 4

To deliver Accurate dose of drug
Protection from gastric juice
Masking taste and odour
Placement of drugs within body tissues
Controlled release medication
Optimal drug action.
Insertion of drugs into body cavities.
Use of desired vehicle for insoluble drugs

Question 5

semisolid dosage forms of drugs include?

Answer 5

creams
ointments

Question 6

name 10 dosage forms of medications

Answer 6

tablets
capsules
emulsions
injections
infusions
suspensions
powder
lozenges
gums
gels
creams
ointments
inhalers (powder,aerosol)
O2 therapy
lotions
pastes
patches

Question 7

example is vitamin c

describe lozenges

Answer 7

also known as troches or cough drops, are a type of solid dosage form designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth. They are commonly used for local treatment of conditions in the oral cavity and throat.

Question 8

drugs that are administered parenterally are typically in what physical state

Answer 8

liquids

Question 9

parenteral drug administration

Answer 9

refers to the administration of medications by injection directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract

Question 10

which parts of the body are these terms related to;
ophtalmic
otic

Answer 10

to the eyes
to the ears

Question 11

there are 2

components of dosage forms

Answer 11

the actual drug
the excipients

Question 12

excipients

Answer 12

refer to the non-medicinal components or substances that are included in a pharmaceutical formulation along with the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to create a final drug product.

Question 13

examples of excipients. Try to remember what some of these excipients do

Answer 13

Lubricants (e.g. stearates)
Glidants (e.g talc)
Binders (e.g. PVP)
Disintegrants (e.g. starch)
Diluents (Fillers) (e.g. lactose)
Flavouring agents
Colouring agents, etc…

Question 14

capsule
types of capsules(description)

Answer 14

a medication in a gelatin container.

Hard-shelled capsules: normallyused for dry, powdered ingredients
Soft-shelled capsules: primarily used foroils and for active ingredients that aredissolved or suspended in oil.

Question 15

solutions may contain a range of excipients, true or false

Answer 15

true

Question 16

suspension

Answer 16

a two-phase system in which solid drug particles (internal phase) are uniformly dispersed in a suitable vehicle (external or continuous phase)

Question 17

solutions are heterogeneous, true or false

Answer 17

false, they are homogeneous

Question 18

homogeneous mixture
heterogeneous mixture

Answer 18

is a type of mixture in which the components are uniformly distributed throughout the entire mixture, and there is a consistent composition at the molecular or microscopic level.

a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture

Question 19

could be oil in water or water in oil

emulsion

Answer 19

A pharmaceutical emulsion is a two-phase system in which drug isuniformly dispersed (dispersed phase) as small droplets in a suitablevehicle (continuous phase)

Question 20

cream

Answer 20

Creams are viscous semisolid emulsions designed for external use.
They contain a mixture of water and oil, stabilized by emulsifying agents

Question 21

ointment

Answer 21

Ointments are semi-solid preparations that are typically anhydrous (water-free) and consist of a base that is predominantly an oil or a blend of oils. Ointments are thicker, more viscous, and greasier than creams.

Question 22

when is isotonicity reached
isotonicity is typically modified using

Answer 22

Isotonicity is reached when the osmotic pressure of a solution is equal toits environment

Nacl