INTRODUCTION TO DISEASE Flashcards
It can be defined as abnormally functioning
organs or organ systems resulting from disturbance of bodily homeostasis
disease
Disease can be defined as abnormally functioning
organs or organ systems resulting from morphological changes of internal organs morphological changes in tissues and cells (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
Irritation of organs and their actions, reactions
(physiological) is called ______
disease
Disease can be defined as abnormally functioning
organs or organ systems resulting from invasion of the body an external contagion genetic alteration (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
disease can be categorized into two: (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
What are the two classification of disease?
acute & chronic
Diseases having rapid onset, sever
symptoms, and short duration is called _________
Acute
Diseases having slow progression and long
duration is called _______.
chronic
give an example of acute disease
pharyngitis, mumps or parotitis
give an example of chronic disease
tuberculosis, leprosy
The term disease literally means “_________”
(uneasiness), when something is wrong with bodily function
without ease
Disease is underlying ________; biologically defined: the practitioner’s perspective
pathology
It is the illness seen in terms of a theory of disorder
Disease
It is a state of social dysfunction
sickness
It is the social and cultural conceptions of this condition: cultural beliefs and reactions such as fear or rejection; these affect how the patient reacts
sickness
It covers what is considered a disorder suitable for medical treatment
sickness
It is the presence of a specific disease, and also to the individual’s perceptions and behavior in response to the disease, as well as the impact of that disease on the psychosocial environment
Illness
A person’s subjective experience of their symptoms is called ________
illness
What the patient brings to the doctor (“ I feel ill.”) -Illness (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
Illness is based on what the individual feels without any evidence or laboratory tests involved (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
It is the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition
Etiology of disease
It is the investigation or attribution of the cause of the reason for something, often expressed in terms of historical or mythical explanation
Etiology of disease
It is the risk factors or activities that people participate in that play an important role in a person’s overall health
status
predisposing factors
All predisposing factors can collectively influence a
person’s ability to either not recover from the disease or have certain pathological conditions
False (All predisposing factors can collectively influence a
person’s ability to either RECOVER from the disease or AVOID certain pathological conditions)
Give the “uncontrolled” predisposing factors of disease
age, congenital disorders, genetic disorders, developmental disorder, gender, heerdity
Give the “controlled” predisposing factors of disease
lifestyle and environment
Due to the gradual effects of the aging process, age
can be a contributing factor to disease (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
As we get older, our organ systems ___________ effectively and they do not work as well
function less
there are ways by which we can slow the
aging process and prevent disease, this includes:
regular exercise, healthy eating habits, & regular visits to your doctor
Which is more susceptible to contracting a disease? A 2 yr old child or a 20 yr old teenager?
A 2 yr old child because children’s immune systems are still developing.
Which is more susceptible to contracting a disease? An 85 yr old or a 32 yr old?
The 85 yr old because the bodily functions of older people are starting to
deteriorate and become inefficient
These are disorders that are present at birth
Congenital Disorders
a child with a ___________ called a
cleft lip has a defect on the lip due to the failure of the
upper lip to properly fuse together. A cleft lip occurs
as the child is developing inside the mother’s womb
and it is present when the child is born.
congenital disorder
These are diseases caused by inherited genes which are
passed from the parents to the offspring
genetic disorders
These are diseases caused by events which occur while the
child is developing in the womb, during birth, or
after the child is born
developmental disorders
Cerebral Palsy is caused by damage to the
parts of the brain that control movement and
coordination. The damage to the brain may have
occurred before birth (prenatally), during birth
(perinatally), or after birth (postnatally), and may have
been a result of injury or infection. This is an example of what disorder>
Developmental Disorder
Some diseases affect only females or males due to
the differences in anatomy since men and women are
built differently (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
Due to their __________. Women are more prone to develop osteoporosis and men are more prone to develop parkinson’s disease
Gender
__________ can be controlled and altered by the individual; therefore, choosing not to participate in the activities mentioned above may have beneficial impacts on a person’s overall health status
lifestyle
cigarette smoking, abuse of drugs or
alcohol, lack of exercise, poor diet, risky sexual
behaviors, etc are example of what?
lifestyle
researchers have shown that certain
cancers and pulmonary diseases are more common
among people who are exposed to pollution due to the ___________
environmental factor
Other environmental stressors that can contribute to poor health include:
chronic stress, loud noise, poor and unsanitary living conditions, contaminated food
A person’s __________ is the combination of the
genetic material from both parents
heredity
The genetic material inherited from one’s parents may
come with links to certain diseases and
pathological conditions
(TRUE OR FALSE)
True
What are the 2 categories of the signals of disease?
sign and symptom
This can be observed externally (feeling, hearing, or seeing)
sign
This can be felt internally by the patient only
symptom
Physical demonstration of a
disease and can be detected or measured is called _______
objective signals
Swelling, fractures, bleeding, rashes, body temperature, tachycardia are examples of?
objective signals
this is a kind of report provided by the patient to the doctor, on the basis of which further diagnosis are done
subjective signals
Objective signals cannot be measured but doctors can ask their patients the degree of pain they are
feeling. (TRUE OR FALSE)
FALSE (SUBJECTIVE signals cannot..)
Give an example of subjective signals
Dizziness, headache, body ache, nausea, muscle fatigue, malaise, fatigue
Infectious diseases are caused by ________, which are the causing
agents of the infectious disease
pathogens
It includes a broad pathological conditions which can have different sources of infection, mode of transmission, and pathological agents
responsible for the disease
Infectious Diseases
Disease-causing organisms, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, can grow and multiply within the body and can cause damage to local tissues and produce toxic substances that are harmful to the infected individual (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
It includes a broad pathological conditions which can have different sources of infection, mode of transmission, and pathological agents
responsible for the disease
Infectious Diseases
Disease-causing organisms, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, can grow and multiply within the body and can cause damage to local tissues and produce toxic substances that are
harmful to the infected individual (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
What are the 2 categories of Infectious Diseases?
communicable and non-communicable
communicable disease are contagious; while non-communicable diseases are not contagious (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
Is COVID-19 communicable or non-communicable?
communicable
Give an example of non-communicable disease
diabetes, food poisoning, allergies
Give a classification of non-infectious diseases
cancer, immune disorders, genetic disorders, mental disorders, trauma or injury
It is a class of disease characterized by uncontrollable cell growth and proliferation. Its function only to grow and to divide
cancer
Cancer can cause disruption in tissues, organ structure, and functions (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
Tumors can ______ passageways, break
through organ and vessel walls, cause hemorrhage, and reduce the body’s
ability to fight infection
block
It is a class of diseases that result from the body’s immune system to effectively protect and defend itself
Immune
Disorders
The immune system will have to see to it
that it will be able to stage a reaction or a
fight against anything foreign that will
enter the human body (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
What are the 3 categories of Immune Disorders?
Hypersensitivities (allergies), Immunodeficiency Disorders, Autoimmune Disorders
It is an overreaction of the immune system to
an allergen
Hypersensitivities (allergies)
It is a substance such as pollen or pet dander that can cause the immune system to overreact
Allergen
The overreaction of _______ can result to the ff.: hives, congestion, and to more severe symptoms that may eventually lead to
death
Hypersensitivities (allergies)
In _________, the body reacts to substances which are by themselves are considered nonimmunogenic (not
produced by, involved in, or relating to an immune response) or a normal stimulant of the immune system
allergies
It is characterized by a deficiency in the immune system’s ability to defend the body
Immunodeficiency Disorders
Various types of immunodeficiencies can affect the different types of the immune system (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS), a disorder caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV causes the immune system to be
deficient leaving the body open to pathological conditions that can result
from different sources or causes. (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
It is characterized by the inability of the immune system to distinguish between self and nonself
Autoimmune Disorders
Since the immune system cannot distinguish between its own cells or
tissues, an attack on normal body cells,
tissues, and organs can result. (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
It is a class of diseases characterized as abnormalities caused by changes in the genetic material
Genetic Disorders
The changes in the genetic material can be inherited, spontaneously occur, or can be a result of exposure to mutagen (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
It is an agent capable of causing mutation
Mutagen
It is a class of conditions of the mind and include disorders associated with behavior or psychological well-being
mental disorders
Mental Disorders are very broad categories of disease with various etiologies, some of which remain as a mystery (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
It is important to consider mental disorders with not the same level of urgency as that of physical disorders since these can impair function, cause disability, and pain just like any other illness (TRUE OR FALSE)
False (It is important to consider mental disorders WITH THE SAME LEVEL of urgency)
it is defined as a wound or shock produced by an injury
Trauma
With trauma, the wound can cause the body to function properly (TRUE OR FALSE)
False (the body to function IMPROPERLY)
Trauma can result in a pathological condition of a specific system or the body as a whole (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
Trauma or injury has a wide variety of causes, give an example
Burns, Physical abuse, Accidents, Drowning, Wounds, Inflicted by foreign objects, Exposure to toxic agents
When dealing with trauma, the patient’s condition must be properly assessed and the circumstances that threaten the patient’s life must be managed (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
It is determining by examination the nature and circumstances of a diseased condition
diagnosis
It is predicted patient outcome
prognosis
Involves a step-by-step
process including: (a) collecting patient history;
(b) performing an examination; (c) utilizing diagnostic screening tools and tests
diagnosis
Once the information has been obtained and reviewed, a diagnosis, treatment plan, and
prognosis can be determined (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
The goal of this treatment is to make the patient more comfortable and
improve quality of life
Palliative Treatment
It is used at any stage of the disease process
Palliative Treatment
this may be introduced to treat the side effects of anti-cancer drugs
Palliative Treatment
During the terminal stage of a disease, palliative
treatment may be the only option available to a
patient (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
The goal of this treatment is to cure the patient
Curative Treatment
The goal of this treatment is to restore a patient’s normal body functions
Therapeutic Treatment
The goal of this treatment is to prevent diseases from happening
Preventive Treatment
This may involve a long term care plan designed to restore normal bodily functions
Therapeutic Treatment
a consistent therapy plan which may be designed to restore function to an injured limb; occupational therapy may also be designed to help develop, recover, or maintain the skills necessary for daily living (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
A person recovering from an illness may need
__________ therapy to help him or her to live
more independently
occupational
Both _____________________ treatment plans help patients restore body functions, reduce the risk of reoccuring injuries, and allow more
self-sufficiency
physical and occupational
This is an increasingly significant approach in
healthcare today
Preventive Treatment
Some insurance agencies have included
incentives for healthcare maintenance and this
cuts down on healthcare overall and allows
individuals to live longer and healthier lives
Preventive Treatment
Vaccinations is an example of what treatment plan?
Preventive Treatment
