Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MT 632 - LECTURE > HOMEOSTASIS AND FEEDBACK MECHANISM > Flashcards

HOMEOSTASIS AND FEEDBACK MECHANISM Flashcards

1
Q

It refers to the existence and maintenance of

a relatively constant environment within the body

A

Homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

To
achieve homeostasis, the body must actively regulate
conditions that are constantly changing. As our bodies
undergo their everyday process, we are continuously
exposed to new conditions. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is the maintenance of the dynamic balance in the internal

environment within the body

A

Homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

To maintain balance, we respond to certain

changes that happen in the external environment. That balance itself is maintained by ________.

A

feedback

mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is the changes in mental conditions (hot or cold outdoor

temperatures).

A

Variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

For cells to function normally, the volume,
temperature, and chemical content of their
environment must be maintained within a narrow
range. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mechanisms are not able
to maintain body temperature at the set point precisely. Instead, the temperature decreases and
increases slightly around the set point to produce a
normal range of values. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If a variable remains within the normal range,

homeostasis is not maintained. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

False (Correct Answer: If a variable remains within the normal range,
homeostasis IS MAINTAINED.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Our average body temperature is __________.

A

98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The _______ helps in maintaining the body’s
internal environment relatively constant. The digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, and urinary systems work together in order for the body to receive adequate oxygen and nutrients while also ensuring that waste products do
not accumulate to a toxic level.

A

organ system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If body fluids deviate from homeostasis, body cells won’t function normally and can even die. Disease disrupts homeostasis and can result in death. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most systems of the body are regulated by
negative-feedback mechanisms, which maintain
homeostasis. Negative means to _______.

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is
resisted. The response to the original stimulus results in deviation from the set point, becoming smaller. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

__________ allows molecules and enzymes to keep their normal shape for optimal function.

A

Body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If the body is exposed to extreme heat, the shape of the molecules changes preventing them from normal functioning (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This feedback controls body processes like metabolic pathways - chemical reactions driven by biological protein
catalysts called enzymes.

A

Negative feedback mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 components of negative feedback?

A

receptor, control center, & effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

It monitors the value of a variable such as body

temperature by detecting stimuli.

A

receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It is part of the brain; determines the set point for the variable and receives input from the receptor about
the variable

A

Control Center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

it adjusts the value of the variable when directed by the control center, usually back toward the set points.

A

Effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

It is a changed variable that initiates a homeostatic

mechanism.

A

Stimulus

22
Q

Process of Negative Feedback

STEP __: Receptors monitor the value of a variable. In this case, receptors in the skin monitor body
temperature.

A

1

23
Q

Process of Negative Feedback

STEP __: If a response is necessary, the control center causes an effector to respond. Here, it is the
sweat glands. The effector produces a
response.

A

3

24
Q

Process of Negative Feedback

STEP __: Once the value of the variable has returned to
the set point, the control center shuts off its
control of the
effector. For body temperature, sweating stops.

A

4

25
Q

Process of Negative Feedback

STEP __: Information about the value of the variable is
sent to a control center. The control center compares the value of the variable against the set point.

A

2

26
Q

Normal body temperature depends on the coordination of multiple structures, which are regulated by the control
center, or hypothalamus, in the brain. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

27
Q

When temperature rises, effectors (sweat glands) produce sweat and the body cools. If body temperature falls, sweat
glands do not produce sweat. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

28
Q

Process of Elevated Body Temperature

STEP __: Hypothalamus will then stimulate blood vessels in the skin to relax and sweat glands to
produce sweat, which sends more blood to the
body’s surface for the radiation of heat away
from the body. The skin blood vessels and
sweat glands are effectors.

A

STEP 2

29
Q

Process of Elevated Body Temperature

STEP __: Once body temperature returns to normal, the control center will signal the glands to reduce sweat production, and the blood vessels
constrict to their normal diameter

A

STEP 3

30
Q

Process of Elevated Body Temperature

STEP __: Thermoreceptors in the skin and hypothalamus detect the increase in temperature and send the information to the hypothalamus control
center.

A

STEP 1

31
Q

Process of Decreased Body Temperature

STEP __: The control center doesn’t stimulate sweat glands. Instead, skin blood vessels constrict
more than normal and blood is directed to
deeper regions of the body. Conserving heat in
the interior of the body.

A

STEP 1

32
Q

Process of Decreased Body Temperature

STEP __: Once the body returns to normal, effectors will stop.

A

STEP 3

33
Q

Process of Decreased Body Temperature

STEP __: The control center doesn’t stimulate sweat glands. Instead, skin blood vessels constrict
more than normal and blood is directed to
deeper regions of the body. Conserving heat in
the interior of the body.

A

STEP 1

34
Q

In both cases, effectors do not produce their responses indefinitely and are controlled by ____________. It acts to bring the variable to normal range.

A

Negative feedback

35
Q

A deviation from the normal range of values can be beneficial. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

36
Q

The ________ in blood pressure helps to supply
muscle cells with greater amounts of oxygen and
nutrients to support increased activity during exercise.

A

increase

37
Q

For _______ pathways - when the breakdown of a
chemical like glucose has reached the normal homeostatic levels, the products of the chemical reaction stop the
activity of the initiating enzyme. Hence, supply of glucose is not depleted and homeostasis is maintained.

A

metabolic

38
Q

During exercise, muscle tissue demands more oxygen. To meet this demand, blood pressure (BP) _______, resulting in
an _______ in blood flow to the tissues.

A

increase; increase

39
Q

It occur when a response to the original stimulus results
in the deviation from the set point becoming even
greater.

A

Positive feedback mechanisms

40
Q

Positive means decrease. This type of response is required to return to homeostasis.
(TRUE OR FALSE)

A

False (Correct Answer: positive means INCREASE)

41
Q

Example of Positive feedback mechanism is _______, a chemical responsible for blood clot formation (thrombin) stimulates production of more thrombin. In this way, a disruption in homeostasis is resolved.

A

blood loss

42
Q

What prevents the entire vascular system from

clotting?

A

The clot formation process is self-limiting. Eventually, the components needed to form a clot will be depleted in the damaged area and no more clot material can be found.

43
Q

What feedback mechanism is giving birth?

A

positive feedback mechanism

44
Q

Many disease states result from the failure of negative feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

45
Q

Some negative feedback mechanisms can be detrimental instead of helpful.

A

False (Correct Answer: some POSITIVE feedback…)

46
Q

“In the negative feedback mechanism, you counteract the variables; while, in the positive
feedback mechanism, you add more to the variables.” (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

47
Q

Variables pertain to the ___________, such as,

temperature, blood pressure, blood sugar level, and etc.

A

external stimuli

48
Q

Effect of positive feedback to these variables: deviation, down-regulate, decrease, lessen the degree of the stimulus or change (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

False (effect of NEGETIVE feedback)

49
Q

Effect of negative feedback to these variables: increase, amplify the stimulus or change

A

False (effect of POSITIVE feedback)

50
Q

It’s winter time and the jacket you have is not
thick enough to bring warmth. (Note: Normal body temperature is 37.0C) What will happen next? Will this be a case of positive or negative feedback?

A

negative feedback mechanism

51
Q

The activation of the complement system, especially when there is an invasion of foreign bodies, consists of a series of amplified proteins. The amplified proteins destroy the infected cells; therefore, it is a _________________.

A

positive feedback mechanism

MT 632 - LECTURE (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions