Introduction to "Discrimination Today" Flashcards
Is a prejudice or discrimination based on sex especially in the form of discrimination against women
Sexism
Unfair treatment of people based on sex
Sexism
How is sexism manifested in society?
Socialization of gender norms
A non-government organization working with Filipino lesbians, bisexual women, and transmen in urban poor communities
Galang
When was Galang founded?
2008
Main Issue of Galang
Unequal opportunities for women even though they have the same competencies and skills with men
Why do males get chosen more than females in work settings?
No maternal leaves or leaves with pay once given birth
What changed due to pregnancy related discrimination?
They expanded paid maternity leaves from 60 to 105 days
When does poverty and sexuality intersect?
Young LBT’s will get bullied and in turn will drop out from school leading to unemployment. They could get hired but by an informal sector or would migrate abroad. They would compromise their sexuality
What does Galang do?
- Educate employers in private and public sectors to be gender sensitive, gender neutral, and to be non-discriminatory when hiring people
- Advocate for reviews or change of policies
What are the provisions of the Anti-Discrimination ordinance in Quezon City?
- For employment, education, and other services
- For both private and public establishments, it should be non-discriminatory and inclusive of persons of a diverse SOGI or LGBT’s
What does CEDAW stand for?
Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women
When was CEDAW established?
1982
Who are a part of CEDAW?
23 experts on women’s issues
What does SDGs stand for?
Sustainable Development Goals
An action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity by 2030
SDGs
Designed to bring the world to “zero’s” - zero poverty, hunger, AIDS, and discrimination against girls and women
SDGs
AKA Global Goals adopted by all UN members
SDGs
How is colonialism related to this topic?
Colonialism embedded patriarchy in the Philippine society
What is the role of the ff: (in terms of women’s rights and gender equality)
- Philippines
- Orgs and NGOs
- Legal and Policy gains
- Ph is a main player in the international women’s arena and this is anchored on a very vibrant local women’s movement
- Numerous Orgs and NGOs exist to cater issues of gender equality and women-related issues
- Result from strong voice of women. Started during the anti-dictatorship struggle when Corazon Aquino became the first female pres of the ph
What is Article 2, Section 14 of the 1987 Constitution?
The state recognizes the role of women in nation-building and shall ensure fundamental equality before the law of women and man
What does Article 8 - Labor: Section 14 provide?
The state shall protect working women by providing safe and healthful working conditions taking into account their maternal functions and such facilities and opportunities that will ensure their welfare and enable them to realize their full potential in the service of the nation
What are the legislations for women and gender concerns?
- Gender and Development Law
- Party-List Law
- Anti-Sexual Harassment Law
- Barangay Day Care Center Law
- Women in Nation-Building Law
- Anti-Mail-Order-Bride Law
- Repatriation Law
- Non-discrimination Law in Labor Code
- Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law
- Military Training Equality
Percentage of Women Governors, Vice-Governors, Town Mayors, and Vice-Mayors
17% , 11.5% , 14.5% , and 10.8%
Allocation of different tasks, roles, responsibilities, and activities to women and men according to what is socially and culturally appropriate
Gender Division of Labor
Result of biological traits
Gender Division Labor
Something to do with what society deems as appropriate for both sexes
Gender Division Labor
What are the three Gender Divisions?
- Reproductive/Care Work
- Productive Work
- Community Work
Associated with private sphere, and involves anything that people have to do for themselves that is not the purpose of receiving wage
Reproductive/Care Work
Child-bearing/rearing. Household chores
Reproductive/Care Work
Involves anything that people have to do for themselves for the purpose of receiving wage
Productive Work
Two kinds of occupational segregation
- Horizontal Segregation
2. Vertical Segregation
The extent which men and women are in different occupational sectors
Horizontal Segregation
The extent to which men and women occupy different hierarchical positions within the same occupational sector
Vertical Segregation
Why is Gender Division not fixed?
It changes as to political, economic, and social changes
Two types of community work
- Community Management
2. Community Politics
Undertaken by women at the community level as an extension to their reproductive role. Volunteer unpaid work
Community Management
Undertaken primarily by men often within the framework of national politics. Usually paid, either directly/indirectly through status or power
Community Politics
Both a core concern and essential part of human development
Gender Equality
What is the Neda study in 2019?
Identifies the reasons behind women’s low labor participation rate
What is the leading cause for women’s low labor participation rate?
Marriage and child-bearing esp. among 25-29 yr olds
Solutions in the Neda study
- Longer paternity leaves for fathers to care for their babies
- Stronger implementation of laws governing access to childcare services
- Support for bills requiring day care facilities
Results of the Neda study
- Women account for 53% of unpaid family workers and 37% of wage and salary earners
- Pushed women to work overseas
- Within orgs, gender balance is in overhaul
- Trade-union leadership is still male dominated but women have changed complexions in decision-making
- numerous civil society groups were organized. The vocal women’s movement was vital in the enactment of laws that protect women and broaden their role in society.
What are the summary points of the study conducted by Neda in 2019?
- Legal framework aids in women empowerment but political an social institutions reinforced by the cultural standpoints continue to provide a push-pull effect on gender equality.
- Women have made advances in politics
- Women’s voice in society is very strong due to the vibrant women’s movement
- Statistics on women remain indicative of the problems they encounter everyday
- labor market has stereotyped, disadvantaged, and forced women into prostitution.
- Social image of Filipino is still: weak, domestic help, double -burden and a sexual object
- Mainframe of gender politics is changing; but women struggle to escape traditional molds
