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Disease and Defense: Unit 3 > Introduction to Dermatology & the Epidermis > Flashcards

Introduction to Dermatology & the Epidermis Flashcards

1
Q

Are skin diseases common?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Fill in the following for: Skin Type I

  • Hair
  • Eyes
  • Skin
  • Freckles
  • Sunburn
  • Tan
A 
Hair- Red/Blond
Eyes- Blue/Green
Skin- White 
Freckles- +++
Sunburn- Always
Tan- 0
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3
Q

Fill in the following for: Skin Type II

  • Hair
  • Eyes
  • Skin
  • Freckles
  • Sunburn
  • Tan
A 
Hair- Blond/Brown
Eyes- Light to medium 
Skin- Fair 
Freckles- ++
Sunburn- Easily
Tan- Minimally
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4
Q

Fill in the following for: Skin Type III

  • Hair
  • Eyes
  • Skin
  • Freckles
  • Sunburn
  • Tan
A 
Hair- Brown
Eyes-Medium to Dark
Skin- Light brown 
Freckles- +
Sunburn- Initially 
Tan-Gradual
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5
Q

Fill in the following for: Skin Type IV

  • Hair
  • Eyes
  • Skin
  • Freckles
  • Sunburn
  • Tan
A 
Hair- Medium to Dark
Eyes- Dark
Skin- Moderate Brown
Freckles- 0
Sunburn- Minimally
Tan- Tans Well
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6
Q

Fill in the following for: Skin Type V

  • Hair
  • Eyes
  • Skin
  • Freckles
  • Sunburn
  • Tan
A 
Hair- Dark
Eyes- Dark
Skin- Dark Brown
Freckles- 0
Sunburn- Rarely
Tan- Dark Tan
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7
Q

Fill in the following for: Skin Type VI

  • Hair
  • Eyes
  • Skin
  • Freckles
  • Sunburn
  • Tan
A 
Hair- Dark
Eyes- Dark
Skin-Black
Freckles- 0
Sunburn- Never
Tan- Always Tan
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8
Q

Is skin color due to the number of melanocytes in the skin?

A

No.

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9
Q

What are the two types of melanin produced?

A

Eumelanin & Pheomelanin

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10
Q

What type of pigment does eumelanin produce?

A

Black and brown pigment

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11
Q

What type of pigment does pheomelanin produce?

A

Yellow to red-brown pigment

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12
Q

What is the distribution of melanosomes in light skin?

A

Melanosomes are distributed in clusters above the nucleus

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13
Q

What is the distribution of melanosomes in dark skin?

A

Melanosomes are distributed individually throughout the cytoplasm

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14
Q

Name some of the functions of skin.

A
  1. Decoration/ beauty
  2. Barrier
  3. Vitamin D synthesis
  4. Water Homeostasis
  5. Thermoregulation
  6. Insulation/ Calorie Reservoir
  7. Touch/ Sensation
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15
Q

What are the components of the epidermis?

A

A stratified squamous epithelial layer

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16
Q

What are the components of the dermis?

A

Papillary layer & Reticular layer

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17
Q

What is the Papillary layer composed of?

A

Loose connective tissue that lies just immediately under the epidermis

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18
Q

What is the reticular layer?

A

Deeper part of the dermis composed of dense connective tissue

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19
Q

Name 5 adnexal structures.

A
  1. Apocrine glands
  2. Eccrine glands
  3. Hair
  4. Nails
  5. Sebaceous glands
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20
Q

Subcutaneous fat is composed of what type of cells?

A

Adipocytes

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21
Q

Where is thick skin found?

A

Palms and soles

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22
Q

What converts 7-dehyrocholesterol to Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)?

A

UV light in the skin

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23
Q

What converts cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) to Calcidiol (25-hydroxy Vitamin D)?

A

Liver

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24
Q

What converts calcidiol (25- hydroxy Vitamin D) to the ACTIVE 1-25- dihydroxy-Vitamin D (calcitriol)?

A

Kidney

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25
Q

What do keratinocytes produce?

A

Keratin, the major intracellular fibrous protein of the skin

26
Q

What is the precursor cell of melanocytes?

A

Neural crest

27
Q

What do melanocytes produce?

A

melanin, a pigment derived from tyrosine

28
Q

Autoimmunity to melanocytes causes what condition?

A

Vitiligo

29
Q

What is the role of Langerhans cells?

A

Small numbers in all of the epidermal layers that act as dendritic cells in the skin

30
Q

Where are Langerhans cells derived from?

A

Bone marrow stem cells

31
Q

Basal keratinocytes are considered what type of cell?

A

Stem cells

32
Q

Hemidesmosomes attach what two structures?

A

They attach basal cells firmly to the basal lamina of the dermal epidermal junction

33
Q

Antibodies to proteins in teh hemidesmosomes may cause autoimmune blistering. What is this called?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

34
Q

What causes Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa?

A

Genetic defects in Collage VIII

35
Q

What causes Junctional EB?

A

Genetic defects in Laminin-5

36
Q

What is the function of desmosomes?

A

Attach keratinocytes to each other

37
Q

Antibodies to proteins in the desmosomes may cause what autoimmune disease?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris causes blistering

38
Q

What causes Epidermolysis bullosa simplex?

A

Congenital defects in Keratin filaments 5 and 14

39
Q

What are tonofilaments?

A

Protein structures (keratin filaments) that insert into the dense plaques of desmosomes on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane

40
Q

What is the appearance of stratum spinosum?

A

prickly

41
Q

What proteins are synthesized in the stratum spinosum?

A

Involucrin

Membrane coating granules

42
Q

What type of granule is found in stratum granulosum?

A

Keratohyalin granules

43
Q

What is the function of filaggrin?

A

Cross-links keratin tonofilaments and is important in the barrier function of the skin

44
Q

Filaggrin is mutated in what two dry skin conditions?

A
  1. Ichthyosis

2. Atopic dermatitis

45
Q

What is unique about keratinocytes in the stratum lucidum layer?

A

They no longer have nuclei or organelles.

This layer is thin

46
Q

Are desmosomes still connected in the stratum corneum?

A

Yes

47
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles are found in what part of the dermis?

What is their function?

A

Papillary layer

Sense touch

48
Q

Blood vessels in the reticular layer have what function?

A

Thermoregulation

49
Q

What and where are Pacinian corpuscles found?

A

Found: Reticular layer

Function: Sense vibration, pressure and touch

50
Q

What type of skin contains Meissner’s corpuscles?

A

Dermal papillae of thick skin

51
Q

What do Meissner’s corpuscles consist of?

A

Schwann cells and sensory nerve terminals wrapped by fibroblasts and collagen

52
Q

What skin type contains Pacinian corpuscles?

A

Thick and thin skin

53
Q

What is the appearance of Pacinian corpuscles?

A

Concentric layers are composed of flattened connective tissue-like cells

54
Q

Where are apocrine sweat glands located?

A

Axillary, pubic, and perianal regions

55
Q

Where are eccrine sweat glands not found?

A

Not found in the lips, under the nails or on the glans penis, glans clitoris or labia minora

56
Q

Describe the consistency of aporcine products vs. eccrine.

A

Apocrine- Milky, viscid, carbohydrate-rich secretions

Eccrine- Watery, enzyme-rich secretion, initially isotonic

57
Q

What is the function of eccrine glands?

A

Thermoregulation

58
Q

Describe the structure of hair.

A

Central medulla of soft keratin, and a cortex and cubicle of hard keratin

59
Q

Where does the pigment of hair come from?

A

Melanocytes

60
Q

What causes “goose bumps”?

A

Contraction of arrector pili muscle

61
Q

What do sebaceous glands secrete?

A

Sebum, a complex mixture of lipids

62
Q

Where do sebaceous glands secrete sebum?

A

Upper one-third of hair follicles. Accelerated during puberty

Disease and Defense: Unit 3 (4 decks)

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