Introduction to CVS Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we need a CVS?

A
  • Temperature regulation
  • Pump blood through the lungs and carry oxygen
  • Transport nutrients to muscles and organs
  • Circulates hormones and immune mediators
  • Connection to the lymphatic system
  • Human reproduction
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2
Q

What is passive diffusion?

A

Is the random undirected thermal movement of molecules

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3
Q

the relation between time of diffusion and distance

A

t ∝d^2

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4
Q

What does the CVS use

A

CVS uses convection to provide fast and directional transport

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5
Q

What does the heart create and using what in convection formation?

A

The heart creates a pressure gradient using metabolic energy

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6
Q

What does output of blood from the heart create?

A

The output of blood at high pressure creates a pressure difference with distant blood vessels

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7
Q

Average pressure in aorta

A

> 100 mmHg

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8
Q

Average pressure in vein

A

5-10 mmHg

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9
Q

What does pressure difference drive?

A

Pressure difference drives blood flow

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10
Q

Systole

A

Contraction

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11
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation

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12
Q

What are the brain and myocardium usually regarding cardiac output?

A

Myocardium and brain are relatively under perfused

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13
Q

Why does the under perfusion of myocardium and brain lead to clinical problems?

A

Can lead to angina, stroke

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14
Q

Equation of cardiac output

A

Cardiac output=Heart rate x stroke volume

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15
Q

What is the cardiac output?

A

Volume of blood expelled from the left ventricle per minute

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16
Q

What factors affect cardiac output?

A

Filling pressure
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
Chemical factors and hormones

17
Q

Why is blood flow and blood pressure so critical?

A

Critical for correct bodily function

18
Q

Equation for blood flow

A

Pressure difference/Resistance

19
Q

Systemic circualtion

A

120/80 mmHg

20
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

25/15 mmHg

21
Q

Sequence of aortic blood vessels

A

Aorta–>Arteries–>Arterioles

22
Q

Sequence of vena blood vessels

A

Veina–>Venules–>Vena cava

23
Q

Equation for blood velocity?

A

Blood flow/(cross sectional area x nr^2)

24
Q

What are capillaries made up of and what advantage does it give them

A

Capillaries made up millions of small vessels giving a very large cross section

25
Q

What is the aorta and comment on CSA?

A

Aorta is one large artery and has a low cross sectional area

26
Q

Why is velocity much slower in capillaries?

A

Velocity much slower in capillaries allowing gaseous/nutrients exchange to occur

27
Q

Comment on circulation in series

A

Same blood supply between organs

Lower perfusion pressures

Medically significant if first organ perfused

28
Q

Comment on circulation in parallel

A

Safeguard O2 supply in organs

Most organs supplied this way

29
Q

What are the three layers of the blood vessels?

A

Inner layer-Endothelium
Middle layer-Smooth muscle
External layer-External elastic membrane

30
Q

What are the four functional groups of blood vessels?

A

Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules and veins

31
Q

What do arteries accommodate and convert?

A

Large arteries accommodate and convert intermittent ejection into continuous flow

32
Q

What do arterioles control?

A

Control BP and regulate blood flow

33
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

Nutrients delivery to cell tissue water and lymph formation removal of metabolic waste

34
Q

What do venules and veins control?

A

Control filling pressure and provide reservoir of blood