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CVS > Cardiac cycle > Flashcards

Cardiac cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What is convection?

A

It is the mass movement of fluid caused by pressure difference

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2
Q

What is a sinoatrial node?

A

It is a group of cells located in the wall of the right atrium

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3
Q

What does the SA produce?

A

The SA spontaneously produces action potentials that travel through the heart via electrical conduction system

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4
Q

What is the SA also known as?

A

Also known as the hearts natural pacemaker

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5
Q

What is the heart rate influenced by?

A

Heart rate influenced by nerves that supply the SA node

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6
Q

What does the AVN coordinate?

A

Coordinates top of the heart

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7
Q

What does the AVN connect and do?

A

Eletrically connects the right atrium and right ventricle, delaying impulses so that the atria have time to eject blood into ventricles before ventricular contraction

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8
Q

What is If?

A

It is hyperpolarisation activated Na+ channels causing Na+ influx

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9
Q

Phase 0(Rapid depolarisation) in atrioventricular action potentials?

A

Voltage gated Na+ channels open, Na+ influx

Voltage gated Ca2+ channels open slowly

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10
Q

Phase 1 in atrioventricular action potentials?

A

Na+ channels close

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11
Q

Phase 2 in atrioventricular action potentials?

A

VGCC’s fully open-Ca2+ influx(CICR)

K+ channels open slowly

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12
Q

Phase 3(Rapid repolarisation) in atrioventricular action potentials?

A

VGCC’s close

K+ channels fully open

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13
Q

Phase 4(Resting phase) in atrioventricular action potentials?

A

Na+/K+ pump(3 Na+ out, 2K+ in)

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14
Q

Electrical conduction through the heart

A
  1. Electrical activity generated in SA node and spreads out via gap junctions into atria
  2. At AVN, conduction delayed to allow correct filling ventricles
  3. Conduction occurs rapidly through bundle of His into ventricles
  4. Conduction through purkinje fibres spreads quickly throughout the ventricles
    - Ventricular contraction begins from apex
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15
Q

What is the P wave in an ECG?

A

Atrial depolarisation

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16
Q

What is the QRS complex in an ECG?

A

Ventricular depolarisation

17
Q

What is the PR segment in an ECG?

A

AVN delay

18
Q

What is the ST segment in an ECG?

A

Time during which ventricles are contracting and emptying

19
Q

What is the T wave in an ECG?

A

Ventricular repolarisation

20
Q

What is the TP interval in an ECG?

A

Time during which ventricles are relaxing filling

21
Q

Cardiac cycle outline

A 
Diastole:
     Ventricular filling
     Atrial contraction
Systole:
     Ventricular contraction
     Atrial relaxation
Cardiac diastole
     Both atria and ventricles relaxed
22
Q

Chamber and volume change in (ventricular filling/aorta contraction)

A

Pressure in atria>ventricles

Mitral/tricuspid valve open aided by atria contraction

23
Q

Chamber and volume change in (Isovolumetric contraction)

A

Pressure in ventricles>atria
Mitral/tricuspid valve close
Pressure rises

24
Q

Chamber and volume change (Ejection)

A

Pressure in ventricles>Aorta/Pulmonary artery
Valves open, ejection of blood
Atria start to refill

25
Q

Chamber and volume change in (Isovolumetric relaxation)

A

Pressure in aorta/pulmonary artery>Ventricles

Aortic/pulmonary valves close

26
Q

Equation for stroke volume

A

EDV-ESV=stroke volume

27
Q

Ventricular pressure-volume loop

A

Work=change in ventricles x change in volume

Stroke work done= Area inside loop

28
Q

Heart sound (S1)

A

Lub

Close of tricuspid/mitral valves at beginning

29
Q

Heart sound (S2)

A

Dub

Closure of aortic/pulmonary valves at the end of ventricular systole

30
Q

Heart sound (S3)

A

Occasional

Turbulent flow into ventricles, detected end of 1/3 diastole

31
Q

Heart sound (S4)

A

Forceful atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle

Less in young people

CVS (17 decks)

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