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internal med unit 1 > Introduction to Concepts of Pathology > Flashcards

Introduction to Concepts of Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is health?

A

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely as the absence of disease or infirmity

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2
Q

What is a disease

A

a biologic or psychologic alteration that results in a malfunction of a body organ or system

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3
Q

What is an illness?

A

sickness or deviation from a healthy state

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4
Q

What is an acute illness?

A

usually refers to an illness or disease that has a relatively rapid onset and short duration

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5
Q

what is a chronic illness?

A

permanent impairment or disability and has a need for special rehab or long term medical management

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6
Q

What is pathology?

A

the branch of medicine that investigates the essential nature of disease

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7
Q

what is clinical pathology?

A

the pathology applied to the solution of clinical problems

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8
Q

what is pathogenesis?

A

the development of unhealthy conditions or disease

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9
Q

What are the two reasons pathology is important to a PT?

A
  1. We need to know the effects of pathologic process on the person’s functional abilities and limitations
  2. How can the person participate in his/her family and community?
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10
Q

How does the ICIDH define impairments and at what level does it affect the individual?

A

functional/loss and organ level

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11
Q

how does the ICIDH define disability and at what level does it affect the individual?

A

activity/limitation and personal level

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12
Q

how does the ICIDH define handicap and at what level does it affect the individual?

A

social disadvantage and societal level

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13
Q

What does ICIDH stand for?

A

international classification of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps

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14
Q

In 2016, how many people in the US lived with a disability?

A

25% (1 in 4)

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15
Q

What is an executive function?

A

described as cortical functions involved in formulating goals and planning, initiating, monitoring, and maintaining behavior

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16
Q

what is behavior?

A

not only overt motor behavior but also affective and social behavior

17
Q

what is complex problem solving?

A

the effective handling of new info

18
Q

what is a learning disability?

A

difficulty acquiring information in specific domains in a person with normal or near normal intelligence

19
Q

what are body functions and structures in the ICF framework?

A

defined as physiologic or psychologic functions of body systems or parts

20
Q

what is the ICF and what does it stand for?

A

the international classification of functioning, disability, and health framework

it is used by WHO to classify and code information about health and provide standard language

21
Q

what is activity in ICF?

A

difficulties a person may have in executing specific tasks

22
Q

what is participation in the ICF?

A

the individual’s involvement in life situations

23
Q

What is primary prevention?

A

removing or reducing disease risk factors

24
Q

what is secondary prevention?

A

to promote early detection of disease and to employ preventive measures to avoid further complications

25
Q

what is tertiary prevention?

A

limit the impact of established disease which involves rehab and returning the person to the highest possible level of functioning

26
Q

What are the three major categories of genomic variation?

A
  1. Changes in single base pairs
  2. insertions and deletions of a small or a large number of base pairs
  3. Structural rearrangements on a chromosome
27
Q

what is genomic medicine

A

implementation and application of precision medicine in which prevention and intervention strategies are tailored to the individual

28
Q

what does genomic medicine analyze?

A

individual’s environment, activities, behavior, and social networks

29
Q

Genetic factors are associated with…?

A
  1. Disease risk
  2. Severity and progression of disease
  3. Variation in response to exercise and rehab programs

internal med unit 1 (5 decks)

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