Introduction to Clinical Parasitology Laboratory

Question 1

It is the living together of unlike organisms. It may also provide protection or other advantages to one or both organisms

Answer 1

Symbiosis

Question 2

It is usually an obligatory relationship in which both organisms benefit.

Answer 2

Mutualism

Question 3

It isn’t usually obligatory, but it reflects a relationship in which one species of organism benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed

Answer 3

Commensalism

Question 4

It is a relationship in which one species of organism lives on or with another organism, with the parasite living at the expense of and often causing harm to the host.

Answer 4

Parasitism

Question 5

It is an organism that is dependent on another organism.

Answer 5

Parasite

Question 6

It is a parasite living inside the body of the host.

Answer 6

Endoparasite

KEY WORD: ENDO

Question 7

It is a parasite living outside the body of a host.

Answer 7

Ectoparasite

Key word: ECTO

Question 8

What are the types of parasite?

Answer 8

• Obligatory parasite
• Facultative Parasite
• Endoparasite
• Ectoparasite
• Pathogenic Parasites
• Commensals
• Accidental/Incidental Parasites
• Spurious Parasite

O.F.E.E.P.C.A.S

Question 9

It is a parasite that cannot survive outside of a host.

Answer 9

Obligatory Parasite

Question 10

It is a parasite that is capable of existing independently off of a host

Answer 10

Facultative Parasite

Question 11

It is a parasite that causes direct harm to the host.

Answer 11

Pathogenic Parasites

Question 12

Are organisms that do not directly cause harm to their host.

Answer 12

Commensals

Question 13

Are found in the host that is not normally its main host.

Answer 13

Accidental/Incidental Parasites

Question 14

A free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host.

Answer 14

Spuriuos Parasite

Question 15

It is an organism in/on which a parasite lives.

Answer 15

Host

Question 16

A host wherein the parasite lives off its adult and sexual maturity stages.

Answer 16

Definitive host

Question 17

A host wherein the parasite lives off its larval and asexual stages.

Answer 17

Intermediate host

Question 18

A host wherein no further development occurs but harbors the infective stage.

Answer 18

Paratenic host

Question 19

A host wherein the parasite continues any of its stages and acts as an additional sources of human infection.

Answer 19

Reservoir host

Question 20

A host that is responsible for transferring a parasite from one location to another.

Answer 20

Transport host

Question 21

A parasite-harboring host that is not exhibiting any clinical symptoms but can affect others.

Answer 21

Carrier

Question 22

What are the types of Host?

Answer 22

• Definitive host
• Accidental host
• Carrier
• Reservoir host
• Intermediate host
• Transport host

A.D.C.R.I.T.

Question 23

It is any organism responsible for transmitting infection from one host to another.

Answer 23

Vector

Question 24

A type of vector that doesn’t give any development or changes in the life cycle of the parasite. It only transports the parasite.

Answer 24

Mechanical vector

Question 25

A type of vector that further develops the life cycle of the parasite even when in transit.

Answer 25

Biological vector

Question 26

In terms of life cycles, it harbors a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms.

Answer 26

Carrier

Question 27

It is the process of inoculating an infective agent.

Answer 27

Exposure | KEY WORD: inoculting (introduce an infective agent to an organism)

Question 28

It connotes the establishment of the infective agent in the host.

Answer 28

Infection | KEY WORD: establishment of the infective agent

Question 29

It is the period between infection and evidence of symptoms.

Answer 29

Incubation period | Sometimes referred as the clinical incubation period.

Question 30

Happens when an infected individual becomes his own direct source of infection.

Answer 30

Autoinfection

Question 31

Happens when the already infected individual is further infected with the same species leading to massive infection with the parasite.

Answer 31

Superinfection or Hyper-infection

Question 32

What are examples of Soil-Transmitted Helminths?

Answer 32

* Ascaris lumbricoides * Hookworms * Strongyloides strecoralis * Trichuris trichiura | By the use of night soil (human excrement).

Question 33

What is the most common source of parasitic infection?

Answer 33

Contaminated food and water | The most likely portal of enrty is the MOUTH

Question 34

What are some parasites you can get from eating food harboring the infective larval stages?

Answer 34

* Taenia solium * Taenia saginata * Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 35

What are parasites you can get from drinking water contaminated with cysts?

Answer 35

* Entamoeba histolytica * Giardia lambia

Question 36

Skin exposure to contaminated soil can cause what kind of mode of transmission?

Answer 36

Skin penetration | It is another route of transmission.

Question 37

They also serves as vectors and transmit parasites through their bites. e.g. agents of malaria

Answer 37

Arthropods

Question 38

Give some examples of arthropods.

Answer 38

* Agents of malaria (mosquitoes) * Agents of filariasis (mosquitoes) * Agents of leishmaniasis (sandfly) * Agents of babesiosis (tick)

Question 39

A parasite that can be acquired during sexual intercourse.

Answer 39

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 40

It is the science of classifying life according to shared characteristics.

Answer 40

Taxonomy

Question 41

It is the individual levels used to classify organisms.

Answer 41

Taxon

Question 42

What are the levels of taxon or taxonomy?

Answer 42

* Domain * Kingdom * Phylum * Class * Order * Family * Genus * Species | D-ear K-ing P-hilip C-ame O-ver F-or G-ood S-paghetti