Introduction To Cells, Tissues And Organs Flashcards
Characteristics of cells
Cells may vary due to functional dictates
Cells can transform into structures lacking cellular features
Cells are units of structure and activity
Prokaryote size
Eukaryote size
0.1-5 micrometers
10-100 micrometers
(Nucleoli?)
Tissue definition
Cells + ECM (tissue fluid, fibres)
Embryology
The study of the development of the fertilised ovum into tissues and organs of the body.
Modulation VS Cell differentiation
Modulation involves relatively minor and reversible changes in cell behaviour
Ectoderm
Nervous tissue; lens; epidermis; linings of oral, nasal, vaginal and anal cavities; adrenal medulla
Mesoderm
Muscle; connective tissue; dermis; blood vessels; lymphatic; internal reproductive organs; adrenal cortex
Endoderm
Epithelium of pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, digestive tract, bladder, urethra, vagina; liver and pancreas
Epithelia
Sheets of closely packed cells
Endoderm
Cover/line the surface of an organ
Simple or compound/stratified
Connective tissue
Mesoderm
Extra cellular matrix (fibres + amorphous ground substance)
Muscle tissue
Mesoderm
Cells or multinucleated syncytia
Cytoplasm contains filaments of contractile proteins (actin, myosin)
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Exocytic pathway
- function
- associated pathologies
- synthesis, modification, transport, secretion of substances into membrane compartments for export
- Pro-insulin diabetes - lack of processing to active insulin molecule
Processes for uptake of materials
Endocytosis, phagocytosis Pinocytosis Incoming vesicles transported to endowment for sorting and transport - digested in lysosomes - transported cross cell - utilised by cell
Endocytic pathway
- Function
- associated pathologies
- uptake, transport,sorting and digestion of external molecules or membrane compartments of cell
- Anaemia due to abnormality of Transferrin pathway
Lysosomal storage diseases
Amoeba (A protoctist) - eukaryote or prokaryote?
Eukaryote
