Introduction to Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are the functional groups of Carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Carbonyl (C=O)
Hydroxyl (-OH)

Question 2

What are the four classifications of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Size of the carbon chain
Stereochemistry of the compounds
Number of sugar units
Location of carbonyl functional group
(Location SSS)

Question 3

What are the general classifications of carbon chains?

Answer 3

Trioses (3 carbons)
Tetroses (4 carbons)
Pentoses (5 carbons)
Hexoses (6 carbons)

Question 4

Aldose and Ketose can be described as what?

Answer 4

Aldose: linked to a C and an H
Ketose: linked to a C and a C

Question 5

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 5

When two carbohydrates molecules join, a water molecule is produced. When they split, one molecule of water is used to form the individual compounds.

Question 6

What are the most common monosaccharides?

Answer 6

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Question 7

What are the most common disaccharides?

Answer 7

Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose

Question 8

What are the most common polysaccharides?

Answer 8

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose