introduction to biomechanics

Question 1

define osteokinematic motion

Answer 1

describes the motion of bones

ROM=amount of osteokinematic motion

Question 2

Sagittal Plane and the motions involved

Answer 2

sagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves

1. flexion and extension
2. plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
3. forward bending and backward bending

Question 3

frontal plane and the motions involved

Answer 3

divides the body into front and back halves

1. side bending
2. inversion and eversion
3. radial and ulnar deviation

Question 4

transverse plane and the motions involved

Answer 4

divides the body into top and bottom halves

1. internal and external rotation
2. axial rotation
3. horizontal abduction

Question 5

define degrees of freedom

Answer 5

number of independent directions of movements that occur at a joint

1. number of planes a joint can move in

Question 6

2 types of joints

Answer 6

1. diarthroses

2. synarthrosis

Question 7

what is a synarthrosis joint

Answer 7

joint without a cavity that allows little or no movement

contains fibrous or cartilaginous tissue

Question 8

function of synarthrosis joints

Answer 8

strongly bind and transfer forces between bones

Question 9

what is a diarthroses joint

Answer 9

a joint surrounded by a capsule and filled with synovial fluid

allows increased motion and are the most common

Question 10

what are the 7 distinguishing features of the synovial joints

Answer 10

1. synovial fluid
2. articular cartilage
3. joint capsule
4. synovial membrane
5. ligaments
6. blood vessels
7. sensory nerves

Question 11

3 forms of periarticular connective tissue

Answer 11

1. dense connective tissue
2. fibrocartilage
3. articular (hyaline cartilage

Question 12

Facts about dense connective tissue

Answer 12

1. includes most of the nonmuscular “soft tissues” surrounding a joint
   - joint capsule, ligaments, tendons
   - abundance of type I collagen
   - limited vascular supply

Question 13

function of dense connective tissue

Answer 13

1. resists tension in movement
2. protect and bind the joint
3. transfer forces

Question 14

what is fibrocartilage composed of and where is it found

Answer 14

1. mostly made of type I collagen

2. found in meniscus, labrum, and discs

Question 15

function of fibrocartilage

Answer 15

provides stability and support
guide arthrokinematics
dissipate forces

Question 16

what is fibrocartilage dependent on for nourishment

Answer 16

synovial diffusion

Question 17

Articular cartilage:

1. location
2. composed of
3. vascularization
4. function

Answer 17

1. covers ends of long bones in synovial joints
2. primarily type II collagen
3. lacks vascularization which means limited healing potential
4. distributes and absorbs joint forces, resists compressive forces