Introduction to biology Flashcards
order, harnesses and utilizes energy, reproduces, responds to stimuli, exhibits homeostasis, grows and develops, and adapts and evolves are 7 traits called what?
The attributes of life
water makes up what percentage of our bodies as mammals?
60-90%
water is a natural __________ and is important for ________ bonding.
solvent, hydrogen
Solute is
a compund dissolved by fluid (solvent)
Together, solute and solvent make a _________
solution
when water is the solvent, it is called an ____
aqueous solution
covalent bonds are bonds in which electrons of two atoms are _________-
shared
because water molecules are ________, note that by the polar nature of a solute greatly influences its _________ (dissolvability) in water.
polar, solubility
if the solute has strong chemical charges (ex. highly polar) then the solute is _________ __________.
easily dissolved
polar solute molecules that dissolve easily in water are called ____________.
hydrophillic
solute molecules which are _________ are hardly soluble in water
non-polar
non-polar solute molecules which don’t or barely dissolve in water are called ________.
hydrophobic
solute molecules which possess both non-polar and polar regions are called ____________.
amphipathic
amphipathic molecules can form chemical spheres called ________, with their polar ends found at the sphere’s surface.
micelles
__________ molecules nearby may dissolve in the central, non-polar regions of micelles
hydrophobic
An example of an amphipathic molecule is a ________
phospholipid
________ bonds are only 1/20th as strong as covalent bonds
hydrogen
What is responsible for the formation of water into raindrops, and for the surface tension on a bond?
Cohesion
What is the ability of water molecules to adhere or cling to a substrate surface as a film, by forming hydrogen bonds?
Adhesion
Chemical reactions involving aqueous solutions can occur in both the _________ and __________ fluids.
intercellular, extracellular
The chemical breakdown of a compound due to a reaction with water is ___________
hydrolysis
A reaction where water is removed when a new covalent bond forms between two formerly seperate compounds, to synthesize a larger compound is ________
dehydration synthesis
The opposite of hydrolysis is ________-
dehydration synthesis
What is an example of dehydration synthesis?
A polysaccharide
A new covalent bond between glucos molecules, as a result of dehydration synthesis is called ________
a glycosidic bond
What is the size range of typical cells?
250nm to 100nm
