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Biology > Introduction to Biology > Flashcards

Introduction to Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is biology?

A

It is the science of life

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2
Q

What are the main branches of biology?

A

Botany
Zoology
Microbiology

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3
Q

Other branches of biology?

A

Histology
Ecology
Cell biology
Biochemistry and molecular biology
Anatomy
Physiology
Genetics

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4
Q

Importance of studying biology?

A

1.Helps to understand, diversity, complexity and aesthetic value of living world.
2.Understanding of the biological processes of the human body.
3.Meaningfully studied new infections controlled using biological investigations.
4.Reduce some of the major social issues that can be addressed using biological knowledge.
e.g.: human population growth, increasing food production.
5. Development of novel energy resources.
6. Effective disposal/re-cycling of waste.

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5
Q

Issues pertaining to biology?

A
  1. Understanding biological diversity.
  2. Understanding human body and its functions
  3. Understanding plant life
  4. Understanding causes and effects of diseases.
  5. Sustainable use and management of natural resources and environment.
  6. Sustainable food production.
  7. Solving legal and ethical issues.
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6
Q

How many years ago life formed on earth?

A

3.5 billion years ago

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7
Q

Write the 3 characteristics of the first organism formed on earth?

A

Heterotrophic
anaerobic
Prokaryotes

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8
Q

No. of species living according to scientists?

A

10 - 100 million

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9
Q

Different aspects of biological diversity?

A

Genetic, species, ecosystem

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10
Q

Write the importance of studying histology and anatomy?

A
  1. Understanding and appreciation of organization of human body.
  2. Understanding the functions of different organ systems and the relationship between their structure and functions.
  3. Gain knowledge about structure of organs.
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11
Q

Define natural resource?

A

Sources of materials and energy found naturally which are used in everyday life for economic development.

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12
Q

Give 3 environmental problems created due to overexploitation of natural resources?

A

Environmental pollution
Loss of bio diversity
Desertification

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13
Q

Define sustainable food production

A

The production of sufficient amount of food for the human population using environmentally safe methods without compromising the needs of future generations.

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14
Q

Methods employed for sustainable food production?

A
  • Production of high yielding plant and animal varieties
  • Production of disease resistant plant and animal varieties
  • Improve post harvest technological methods.
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15
Q

Explain why understanding plant life is an important aspect of learning biology?

A

As the human population increases with time, we need to increase the productivity too. Thus, understanding plant function and biology is important to produce high yielding plants.

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16
Q

Places where biology is used to solve legal and ethical issues?

A
  • Paternity testing
  • Immigration disputes
  • Criminal investigations
17
Q

Important technique used to solve legal and ethical issues?

A

DNA fingerprinting

18
Q

On what characteristic are living organisms’ diversity based on?

A
  • Size
  • Shape
  • Habitat
  • Form
19
Q

Identify organisms with respect to,
1. Size
2. Shape
3. Form
4. Habitats

A
  1. Bacteria (1-5 micrometer), Giant Red Wood (100m)
  2. Cylindrical (Earthworm), Streamline shape (Birds)
  3. Unicellular, multicellular
  4. Terrestrial, Arborial, Aquatic, Aerial
20
Q

List out the characteristics of organisms?

A
  • Irritability and coordination
  • Order and organization
  • Reproduction
  • Adaptation
  • Growth and development
  • Heredity and evolution
  • Metabolism
21
Q

What is understood by order and organization with reference to organisms?

A
  • From molecular level to biosphere, lower level components are organized in a methodical pattern in the upper level to perform biological activities efficiently.
22
Q

Define metabolism

A

Sum of all bio chemical reactions that take place in the body of a living organism

23
Q

Give an example for,
1. Catabolism
2. Anabolism

A
  1. Cellular respiration
  2. Photosynthesis
24
Q

Write the difference between growth and development?

A
  • Growth - Irreversible increase in dry mass.
  • Development - Irreversible changes that occur during the lifespan of an organism
25
Q

Define irritability

A

The ability to respond to stimuli from internal and external environments.

26
Q

What is coordination?

A

The process of communication by means of chemical or electrical signals to produce an appropriate response by an effector to stimuli detected by a sensory receptor.

27
Q

What systems of organisms are used in coordination?

A
  • Nervous
  • Hormonal
  • Skeleteal
  • Muscular
28
Q

Define adaptation. Give examples?

A

The pecularity of structure, physiology and behaviour that promotes the likelihood of an organism’s survival and reproduction in a particular environment.
e.g.: Splayed foot in camels
Viviparity in mangroves.

29
Q

What is reproduction?

A

Ability to produce offsprings for continuous existence of species.

30
Q

Conditions essential to fulfill the objectives of reproduction?

A
  • Pass genetic materials from parents to offsprings.
  • Increase in no. of reproducing organisms.
31
Q

Define heredity

A

The mechanism by which the genes control specific physiological, morphological and behavioural characters of organisms.

32
Q

Define evolution

A

Ability of organisms to change over time as a result of genetic modification.

33
Q

What is a gene?

A

Basic unit by which genetic information is passed from the parents to the offspring.

34
Q

Define heredity

A

The mechanism by which the genes control specific physiological, morphological and behavioural characters of organisms.

34
Q

Define evolution

A

Ability of organisms to change over time as a result of genetic modification.

34
Q

Give 2 characteristics of living organisms, which even can be observed in non-living entities

A

Growth
movement

34
Q

What is a gene?

A

Basic unit by which genetic information is passed from the parents to the offspring.

Biology (3 decks)

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