Introduction to Biology

Question 1

State the 7 issues pertaining to biology

Answer 1

1.Understanding Biological Diversity

2.Understanding the human body and its functions

3.Understanding plant life

4.Understanding diseases and causes

5.Sustainable use and management of natural resources and environment

6.Sustainable Food Production

7.Solving some legal and ethical issues

Question 2

When was the earth formed?

Answer 2

Around 3.5 Billion years ago

Question 3

Describe the 1st formed organism

Answer 3

Heterotrophic
Anaerobic
Prokaryotic

Question 4

How many species are there in the world now?

Answer 4

10 million - 100 million species

Question 5

What is a part of biologically diverse earth?

Answer 5

The variety of life on earth

The no. of species of plants, animals and microorganisms

The diversity of genes of these species

The different ecosystems on earth (such as deserts, rainforests and coral reefs)

Question 6

What are natural resources?

Answer 6

Natural resources are the sources of materials and energy found naturally which are used in everyday life and economic development

Question 7

How do overuse of natural resources take place?

Answer 7

Due to the increase of growth rate of human population

Question 8

What are the various environmental problems that arise as a result of the over-exploitation of natural resources?

Answer 8

Environmental Pollution
Loss of biodiversity
Desertification

Question 9

How do you overcome environmental problems that arise as a result of the over-exploitation of natural resources?

Answer 9

Management of natural resources and the environment

Question 10

What is sustainable food production?

Answer 10

The production of sufficient amounts of food for the human population using environmentally safe methods

Question 11

What are the methods that can be applied to maintain sustainable food production based on knowledge in biology?

Answer 11

Production of high yielding varieties of plants and animals

Production of disease resistant varieties of plants and animals

Improving post-harvest technology

Question 12

Why is understanding plant biology important?

Answer 12

To produce high yielding plants, disease resistant plants, etc.

Question 13

What are the non-communicable diseases that exist in the world now?

Answer 13

Cancers
Heart Diseases
Diabetes
Chronic Renal Diseases

Question 14

What are the communicable diseases that exist in the world now?

Answer 14

AIDS
Dengue

Question 15

What are some legal issues that can be solved using the knowledge and application of biological concepts?

Answer 15

Parentage Testing

In criminal investigations

To solve immigration Disputes

Question 16

What are the criteria organisms are diverse based on?

Answer 16

Size
Shape
Form
Habitat

Question 17

How do sizes vary in living organisms?

Answer 17

Bacteria - 1um - 5um

Giant Sequoia (Giant Red Wood) - 100m

Question 18

How do shapes vary in living organisms?

Answer 18

Cylindrical (earthworm)
Streamline shape (fish and birds)

Question 19

How do forms vary in living organisms?

Answer 19

Unicellular (Amoeba)
Multicellular (any plant or animal)

Question 20

How do habitats vary in living organisms?

Answer 20

Terrestrial
Aquatic
Arboreal
Aerial

Question 21

What are the characteristics of organisms?

Answer 21

Order and Organization

Growth and Development

Irritability and Coordination

Heredity and Evolution

Adaptation

Metabolism

Reproduction

Question 22

Name some systems organized in upper levels methodically?

Answer 22

Human eyes
Plant leaves

Question 23

What is metabolism?

Answer 23

The sum of all chemical activities taking place in an organism is metabolism

It includes all anabolic and catabolic reactions

Question 24

What is growth?

Answer 24

The irreversible increase in dry mass which is characterized only by the living

Question 25

What is development?

Answer 25

Irreversible changes that occur during the lifespan of an organism

Question 26

What are the two consequent processes that happen in an organism’s lifespan?

Answer 26

Growth and Development

Question 27

What is irritability?

Answer 27

The ability to respond to stimuli from both the internal and external environment

Question 28

What is the result of irritability and coordination?

Answer 28

Movement

Question 29

What are the systems involved for movement?

Answer 29

Skeletal system Muscular system Nervous system Hormonal system

Question 30

What is adaptation?

Answer 30

The peculiarity in structure, physiology, or behavior that promotes the likelihood of an organism’s survival and reproduction in a particular environment

Question 31

Give 3 examples for adaptation

Answer 31

1. Sunken stomata in xerophytes 2. Viviparity in some mangroves 3. Splayed out foot of camels

Question 32

Give 3 examples for adaptation

Answer 32

1. Sunken stomata in xerophytes 2. Viviparity in some mangroves 3. Splayed out foot of camels

Question 33

What is reproduction?

Answer 33

The ability to produce offspring for the continuous existence of a species

Question 34

What is heredity?

Answer 34

Organisms have genes that pass from one generation to the next and control specific physiological, morphological, and behavioral characters of organisms. This is heredity.

Question 35

What is evolution?

Answer 35

Ability of organisms to change over time as a result of genetic modification

Question 36

What are some living characteristics non-living entities display?

Answer 36

Crystals grow Waves move

Question 37

What is the hierarchical level of organization?

Answer 37

Molecules – Organelles – Cells – Tissues – Organs – Organ Systems – Organisms – Populations – Communities – Ecosystems – Biosphere