Introduction to Biochemistry

Question 1

what is acylation?

Answer 1

addition of c=o-r

Question 2

Describe the difference between condensation and hydrolysis reactions

Answer 2

condensation is where water is removed. Hydrolysis where water is added

Question 3

What biomolecule stores info?

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

Which biomolecules function as energy generation?

Answer 4

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

Question 5

Peptides and Proteins consist of what?

Answer 5

Amino Acids

Question 6

Lipids consist of what?

Answer 6

triglyceride, phospholipids, steroids

Question 7

Nucleic Acid consists of what?

Answer 7

RNA, DNA

Question 8

Carbohydrates consist of what?

Answer 8

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 9

Give an example of a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide

Answer 9

monosaccharide - glucose

polysaccharide - cellulose

Question 10

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 10

energy is neither created or destroyed

Question 11

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 11

when energy is converted from one form to another some of the energy becomes unable to do work

Question 12

What is an exergonic reaction?

Answer 12

spontaneous reaction in which the free energy of the products if less than the free energy of the reactants

Question 13

What is an endergonic reaction?

Answer 13

non-spontaneous reaction in which the free energy of the products is more than the free energy of the reactants

Question 14

At what delta G is equilibrium reached?

Answer 14

0

Question 15

Give the equation for free energy

Answer 15

delta G+RTln(CD/AB) where R is 8.3 J K mol

Question 16

How are unfavourable reactions driven?

Answer 16

by coupling with favourable reactions

Question 17

ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + H+ has what sort of delta G?

Answer 17

Very negative so coupled a lot as a favourable reaction

Question 18

What is a characteristic of an anhydride bond?

Answer 18

very high energy

Question 19

What is metabolism?

Answer 19

All the reactions occurring in the body

Question 20

What is catabolism?

Answer 20

breaking down large molecules into smaller ones releasing energy

Question 21

What is anabolism?

Answer 21

building a number of small molecules into a large molecule requiring energy

Question 22

What is the gain or loss of ATP in glycolysis?

Answer 22

Net gain 2 ATP

Question 23

Describe gluconeogenesis

Answer 23

Making of glucose from a non-carb precursor a process which requires energy

Question 24

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 24

A covalent bond between hydrogen and an element with a greater electronegativity

Question 25

Describe an amphipathic molecule

Answer 25

both polar and non-polar e.g. fatty acid with polar head and non-polar tail

Question 26

Proteins and polypeptides in humans are made up from what?

Answer 26

20 different L type amino acids

Question 27

D and L forms of amino acids are what?

Answer 27

stereoisomers so non-superimposable

Question 28

Where to peptide bonds occur?

Answer 28

between carboxyl and amino group

Question 29

Give 3 characteristics of a peptide bond

Answer 29

strong, planar, partial double bond character

Question 30

What is an acid?

Answer 30

proton donor

Question 31

What is a base?

Answer 31

proton acceptor

Question 32

What determines the strength of an acid or base?

Answer 32

How readily it accepts or donates protons

Question 33

What is pH?

Answer 33

the amount of protons in a solution

Question 34

What is the equation to determine pH?

Answer 34

pH=-log(h+)

Question 35

How do you work out hydrogen ion conc from pH?

Answer 35

H+=10 to the power of minus pH

Question 36

What is the Henderson Hasselbach equation?

Answer 36

pH=pKa+log(A/HA)

Question 37

Amino acids without charged side groups exist as what?

Answer 37

Zwitterions