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Intro to Biochemistry > Introduction to Biochemistry > Flashcards

Introduction to Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

The study of chemical substances found in living systems and the chemical interactions of these substances with each other.

A

Biochemistry

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2
Q

What is the goal of Biochemistry?

A

To describe the structure, organization and functions of living matter in molecular terms.

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3
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE
Living systems obey the rules of physical and organic chemistry.

A

Chemical Unity

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4
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE
Smallest unit capable of all life functions.

A

Cell

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5
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Smallest unit of an element composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons.

A

Atom

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6
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Union of two or more atoms of the same or different elements.

A

Molecule

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7
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
The structural and functional unit of all living things.

A

Cell

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8
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
A group of cells with a common structure and function.

A

Tissue

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9
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Composed of tissues functioning together for a specific task.

A

Organ

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10
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Composed of several organs working together.

A

Organ System

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11
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
An individual; complex individuals contain organ systems.

A

Organism

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12
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Organisms of the same species in a particular area.

A

Population

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13
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Interacting populations in a particular area.

A

Community

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14
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
A community plus the physical environment.

A

Ecosystem

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15
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Regions of the Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by living things.

A

Biosphere

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16
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
TRUE or FALSE: All properties are governed by the laws of physics and chemistry.

A

TRUE

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17
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE
The process by which parents produce offspring.

A

Reproduction

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18
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | REPRODUCTION
A type of reproduction classified by the development of a zygote after fertilization.

A

Sexual Reproduction

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19
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | REPRODUCTION
A type of reproduction classified by the development of daughter cells from a singular parent.

A

Asexual Reproduction

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20
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE
An increase in cell number, size and volume in multi-celled species.

A

Growth

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21
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE
The process by which the first cell of a new individual becomes a multi-celled adult.

A

Development

22
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM
Life requires the transfer and transformation of ______ and _____.

A

Energy and Matter

23
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM
This is needed to carry out life’s activities.

A

Energy

24
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM
Organisms that make their own food using energy and simple raw materials from the environment.

A

Producers

25
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM
Organisms that feed on producers and other things that also feed on producers.

A

Consumers

26
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE
A consumer that feeds on dead animals/plants and organic material.

A

Detritivore

27
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM
Simplest form of energy.

A

Glucose

28
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM
A term describing how matter is often being recycled from producer to consumer.

A

Matter Cycling or Nutrient Cycling

29
Q

INTRO TO BIOCHEMISTRY
Domain of cells that has a true nucleus.

A

Domain Eukarya

30
Q

INTRO TO BIOCHEMISTRY
A protein that provides structural support for a chromosome.

A

Histones

31
Q

INTRO TO BIOCHEMISTRY
These are comprised of a phosphate group, sugar miety and a nitrigenous base - giving way to DNA & RNA.

A

Nucleotides

32
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
The pattern of growth is controlled by…?

A

Genes

33
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM
Plants undergo ______ _______ at night, and 10% of this energy is given to/utilized by the consumer.

A

Cellular Respiration

34
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE
Sum of all biochemical processes in a cell.

A

Metabolism

35
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS
A molecule or structure that responds to a specific form of stimulation.

A

Receptor

36
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS
Directional growth in response to touch.

A

Thigmotropism

37
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS
Growth responses to light.

A

Phototropism

38
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS
Growth responses to gravity.

A

Gravitroprism

39
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS
In order to survive, an organism should maintain _________ ______.

A

Biological Balance

40
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS
Set of processes by which an organism keeps its internal conditions within tolerable ranges.

A

Homeostasis

41
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | MOVEMENT
Part of a cell that allows it to move in a back and forth motion.

A

Cilia

42
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | MOVEMENT
Part of a cell that allows it to move in an undulating or snakelike motion.

A

Flagella

43
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE
Inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments.

A

Adaptation

44
Q

Enumerate the first 4 out of 7 Characteristics and Manifestations of Life

A
  • Organization
  • Reproduction
  • Growth and Development
  • Metabolism
45
Q

Enumerate the last 3 out of 7 Characteristics and Manifestations of Life

A
  • Irritability and Responsiveness
  • Movement
  • Adaptation
46
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | METABOLISM
Primary source of energy for producers.

A

The Sun ☀️

47
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS
A bodily process that keeps the body cool when its hot.

A

Sweating

48
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS
Bodily response to cold; muscles contract in order to produce heat.

A

Shivering

49
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS
This occurs when the body is cold.
Vasal constriction leads to -> limited blood flow, leading to -> an increased production of ions and leading to -> frequent urination.

A

Thinning

50
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS
What is the constant pH of blood?

A

7.2 - 7.4

51
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS
Occurs when acid builds up in the body and the blood has to release a base to help combat it.

A

Acidosis

52
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND MANIFESTATION OF LIFE | IRRITABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS
Occurs when base builds up in the body and the blood has to release acids to help combat it.

A

Alkalosis

Intro to Biochemistry (2 decks)

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