Introduction to Biochemistry Flashcards
Chemistry that deals with chemical processes that take place inside living organisms
Biochemistry
the chemical formula of Ethane
C2H6
Needs vital force
Vitalism
Vitalism needs ___
vital force
Year when urea was able to produce in a lab setting
1720
Organic Molecule
Contains Carbon and Hydrogen
happens naturally
Organic
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids is an example of?
Organic Molecule
metal and non-metal
Ionic bond
a positively charged ion forms a bond with negatively charged ions and one atom transfers electrons to another
Ionic bond
The attraction of opposite ion
Ionic bond
between 2 non-metals
Covalent bond
electrons are shared between two atom
Covalent bond
in order for it to become stable gas, it needs to share ____
electron
the binding capacity of 4 electrons
Carbon
group of atoms that give molecules its properties
Functional group
it helps us to identify the molecule
Functional group
- atoms and electrons are arranged symmetrically
* insoluble in water
Non polar molecule
- asymmetrical arrangement of atoms and unequal sharing of electrons
- water soluble
Polar molecule
has a partially positive end and partially negative (dipoles)
Polar molecule
Forces of electrostatic attraction within a molecule
Intramolecular forces
- holds the molecule together
* must be broken by chemical means
Intramolecular forces
Forces of electrostatic attraction between a molecule
Intermolecular forces
- weaker than intramolecular forces
* can be affected by physical change
Intermolecular forces
The electrons of one molecule are attracted to the nuclei of the neighboring molecules
London dispersion forces
- There is a repel towards the electrons (the same charge = repel)
- There is a force that acts to attract electrons towards the nucleus
Van der Waals Forces
• The only force used to hold non-polar molecules together
London dispersion forces
• Occur between polar molecules
Dipole - dipole Forces
• Stronger than London forces
Dipole - dipole Forces
negative dipoles are _____ to positive dipoles
attracted
A type of dipole - dipole interaction
Hydrogen bonding
Strongest of the intermolecular forces
Hydrogen bonding
- Water loving
* Dissolve in water
Hydrophilic molecule
Attracted to non-polar molecules
Hydrophobic molecules
- “Water fearing”
* Repelled by water
Hydrophobic molecules
Water molecules stick to one another
Cohesion
In Cohesion, water molecules stick to ______
one another
Water stick to other polar molecules
Adhesion
In Adhesion, water molecules stick to ______
other polar molecules
lead to increase surface tension
Cohesion
Water Molecules tend to adhere to the glass tube in lifting the water level which is evident at ________
Capillarity
Many substances can be dissolved in water compared with other liquid
Universal solvent
A molecule that dissolves in water
Polar Molecule
A molecule that does not dissolve in water
Non-polar Molecule
absorb a lot of heat before the temperature rise to 1 degree Celsius & must lose a lot of heat to become cooler
High heat capacity
High heat capacity must lose a lot of _____ to become _____
heat - cooler
due to the hydrogen bonding
High heat capacity
Advantage of high heat capacity
aquatic organisms
It allows light to pass through
Transparency
Ice has a very open structure that allows it to float on top of the water
Ice floats
Can act as an acid or base depending on the environment
Water is amphiprotic
Biochemistry deals with chemical processes that take place ____
inside living organisms
the chemical formula of Ethyne
C2H2
the chemical formula of Ethene
C2H4
the chemical formula of Methane
CH4
