Introduction To Basic Thermoregulation

Question 0

What is the range of “normal” temperature ?

Answer 0

Between 35.8 and 38.2 degrees C varying according to individuals and during a 24 h period

Question 1

What are the “core” organs ?

Answer 1

Brain, heart, liver and kidneys: they are all metabolising at a constant background level

Question 2

Is there optimal temperature for enzyme to work ?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

The shell of the body can fluctuate more than the core, true or false ?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is the name of heat transfer from the environment to the body,by direct contact?

Answer 4

Conduction

Question 5

What is the name of heat transfer from the body to the environment by direct contact?

Answer 5

Radiation

Question 6

When a moving fluid is passing on the body surface and is colder than the body surface, how do you call the phenomenon of loosing heat?

Answer 6

Convection

Question 7

When the liquid on the surface of the skin vapourises, another way of heat transfer, it is called evaporation, true or false?

Answer 7

True. Sweating is not a heat loss, sweating evaporating is a heat loss for the body.

Question 8

What is the sensible heat loss ?

Answer 8

When you can sense the sweat on your body

Question 9

What is the insensible heat loss ?

Answer 9

Heat loss that we are not aware of, like the breathing heat loss

Question 10

What does the heat index takes into account ?

Answer 10

Temperature and humidity

Question 11

What hypothermia leads to apart from decrease temperature ?

Answer 11

Decrease in heart rate and respiratory rate, decrease in blood pressure

Question 12

What is the first step of hyperthermia called?

Answer 12

Heat exhaustion, which may lead to dizziness or headache ( difficulty to maintain blood pressure then to irrigate the brain because of peripheral vasodilation and sweating causing important loss of fluid), nausea, discomfort.

Question 13

What is the second step of hyperthermia called ?

Answer 13

Heat stroke , the brain is no longer able to control heat’s regulation loops in the body, the skin will be hot and dry ( no sweating) some organs may “ shut down “

Question 14

Is fever hyperthermia?

Answer 14

No, the temperature in the core is higher but it is under control of the hypothalamus, the pyrogens released by the immune system will induce a higher threshold of temperature controlled by the hypothalamus

Question 15

How do we call the situation when the hypothalamus reset the temperature back to the normal range ?

Answer 15

The “fever has broken”, when the “fever breaks”the body is now able to feel the heat regulatory mechanisms : sweating, flush, feeling warmness

Question 16

Where do you take oral temperature?

Answer 16

In the sublingual pocket, underneath the tongue, close to the sublingual artery

Question 17

Where is placed the tympanic thermometer?

Answer 17

In the external auditory canal, near the tympanic membrane the “eardrum” not far from the hypothalamus….