Introduction to anatomy & physiology: Levels of body organisation

Question 1

Physiology

Answer 1

A branch of biology that studies the field of chemistry and physics behind normal body functions, and the mechanisms of living organisms.

Question 2

Anatomy

Answer 2

The scientific study concerned with a field that studies the physical structure of organisms.

Question 3

Discrete body systems

Answer 3

A group of structures that work together to perform a unique body function.

Question 4

Structural organisation of the human body

Answer 4

The basic architecture that structures the human body, organized in fundamental levels that increase in complexity (from smallest to largest).

Question 5

Elements

Answer 5

All matter in the universe is composed of one or more unique pure substances called elements. Examples of these elements are hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, calcium, and iron.

Question 6

Atoms

Answer 6

The smallest unit of any of these pure substances (elements) is an atom. Atoms are made up of subatomic particles such as the proton, electron and neutron.

Question 7

Molecules

Answer 7

Two or more atoms combine to form a molecule. Molecules are the chemical building blocks of all body structures.

Question 8

List the six major levels of organisation of the body, increasing by complexity

Answer 8

Chemical (1), cellular (2), tissue (3), organ (4), organ system (5), and organism (6).

Question 9

Describe the chemical and atomic level of the body’s structural organisation

Answer 9

Considers the simplest building blocks of matter: subatomic particles, atoms and molecules. All matter in the universe is composed of one or more elements. The smallest unit of any of these elements is an atom. Atoms are made up of subatomic particles. Two or more atoms combine to form a molecule. Molecules are the chemical building blocks of all body structures.

Question 10

Describe the cellular level of the body’s structural organisation

Answer 10

The smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism, that in human multicellular organisms, work in concert together to perform or initiate almost all functions of human physiology.

Question 11

Describe the tissue level of the body’s structural organisation

Answer 11

A group of many similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function.

Question 12

Describe the organ level of the body’s structural organisation

Answer 12

An automatically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types, that work together to perform one or more specific physiological functions.

Question 13

Describe an example of the organ level of the body’s organisation

Answer 13

Epithelial, muscle, and glandular tissue may all work together to form an organ like the stomach, which functions to kill microorganisms and breaking down proteins.

Question 14

Describe the organ system level of the body’s structural organisation

Answer 14

A group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet physiological needs of the body.

Question 15

Describe the orgsnism level of the body’s structural organisation

Answer 15

Multiple organ systems working together to form the organism.