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Anatomy and Physiology > Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

the scientific study of the body’s structures

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2
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Study of the larger structures of the body without magnification

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3
Q

Another name for gross anatomy

A

macroscopic anatomy

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4
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

study of strucutres that can be observed only with microscope or other forms of magnification

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5
Q

Define Physiology

A

scientific study of the chemistry and the physics of the structures of the body and how they work together

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6
Q

Structures (____________) determines function (_______________)

A

Anatomy, physiology

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7
Q

If Anatomy/Structure changes, the _____________ must change

A

function/physiology

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8
Q

If __________________ changes, the function/physiology must change

A

Anatomy/Structure

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9
Q

Order of level of organization

A

Atoms, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms

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10
Q

8 NECESSARY LIFE FUNCTIONS

A
  1. Maintain boundaries
  2. Movement (locomotion and move substances)
  3. Responsiveness (ability to sense changes & react)
  4. Digestion (Breakdown & absorption of nutrients)
  5. Metabolism (chemical reactions within the body)
  6. Excretion (eliminates metabolic waste through urine or feces)
  7. Reproduction
  8. Growth
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11
Q

Survival Needs

A
  1. Nutrients
  2. Oxygen
  3. Water
  4. Stable body temp (37C/98F)
  5. Atmospheric pressure
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12
Q

Define Homeostasis

A

maintenace of a stable internal enviroment (dynamic state of equilibrium, necessary for normal body functioning and to sustain life)

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13
Q

Define Homeostatic Imbalance

A

A disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease

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14
Q

examples of homeostatic imbalance

A

heart failure and diabetes

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15
Q

Negative feedback

A

most homeostatic control mechanisms

Shuts off the stimulus or reduces its intensity

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16
Q

positive feedback

A

increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther, reaction occurs at a faster rate

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17
Q

examples of positive feedback

A

blood clotting and giving birth to a baby

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18
Q

what is a stimulus?

A

produces the change in the variable (is the reason why the homeostasis is unbalanced)

19
Q

what is a receptor?

A

the thing that detectsthe change

20
Q

what is the integration center?

A

the thing that recieves the signal

21
Q

what is the effector?

A

the response to the stimulus

22
Q

what is an example of the homeostasis process?

A 
Stimulus - high temp
Receptor - nerves in skin and body
integration - brain 
effector - sweaty and thirsty 
response - cool down
23
Q

What is input in homeostasis cycle?

A

Information is sent along different pathway to the control center

24
Q

WHAT IS OUTPUT IN THE HOMEOSTASIS CYCLE?

A

INFORMATION IS SENT ALONG THE EFFERENT PATHWAY TO THE EFFECTOR

25
Q

What does afferent mean?

A

conducting or conducted inward or toward something

26
Q

What does efferent mean?

A

conducted or conducting outward or away from something

27
Q

Digestive system function

A

process food for use by body

removes waste from undigested food

28
Q

cardiovascular system function

A

deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues

equalizes temp in the body

29
Q

nervous system function

A

detects and processes sensory information

activates bodily responses

30
Q

urinary system function

A

controls water balance in the body

removes wastes from blood and excretes them

31
Q

respiratory system function

A

removes carbon dioxide from body

delivers oxygen to body

32
Q

skeletal system function

A

supports the body

enables movement

33
Q

muscular system function

A

enables movement with the skeletal system

Helps maintain body temperature

34
Q

Endocrine system function

A

secretes hormones

regulates bodily processes

35
Q

integumentary system function

A

encloses internal body strucutres

site of many sensory receptors

36
Q

Respiratory system major organs

A

Nasal passage
trachea
lungs

37
Q

skeletal system major organs

A

cartilage bones joint

38
Q

muscular system major organs

A

skeletal muscles

tendon

39
Q

endocrine system major organs

A 
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
adrenal glands
testes/ovaries
40
Q

integumentary system major organs

A

hair
skin
nails

41
Q

digestive system major organs

A 
stomach
liver
gallbladder
large intestine 
small intestine
42
Q

cardiovascular systen

A

heart

blood vessels

43
Q

nervous system major organs

A

brain
spinal cord
peripheral nerves

44
Q

urinary system major organs

A

kidney

urinary bladder

Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

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