Introduction to Anatomy (Lecture 1) Flashcards
Epithelial Tissue
Made almost entirely from cells, they form the covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in glands.
Connective Tissue
Tissue which connects, supports, binds or separates other tissues or organs
Muscle
fibrous tissue in the body that can contract, move or maintain parts of the body
Neural Tissue
Creates signal conduction throughout the body
Epidermis
Epithelial tissue. The outermost layer of skin where dead cells are shed. There are no blood vessels. Hair, sweat glands and nails come from here.
Dermis
Connective tissue. Contains collagen and elastic fibers, vessels, nerves and sensory receptors
Cartilage
Firm, dense, connective tissue. It is found within joins, flexible parts of ears and nose. Little to no blood supply.
Nerve
Conducts impulses between the brain and the rest of the body.
Vessel
Tube with a Lumen
Lumen
Hollow tube
Vascular
refers to vessels
Avascular
without vessels
The three blood vessels
Arteries, veins and capillaries
Viscera
Allows passages of air, liquids and solids to have temporary storage. E.g. stomach, heart, kidney, bladder. Can also be solid. Involved in the processing, secreting and excreting
What does the Latin term ‘Viscus’ mean?
Internal Organs
Joint
Where two bones meet. Held in place by ligaments
Three types of joints
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
Fibrous Joint
Joined by fibrous connective tissue. Almost no movement. E.g. skull sutures
Cartilaginous joint
connected by cartilage. has very little movement. e.g. inter-vertebral discs
synovial joint
Ends of bone covered in cartilage, with a space between. Surrounded by a fluid-filled capsule. A lot of movement e.g. hip
Cortical Bone
Cortical bone is the dense outer surface of bone that forms a protective layer around the internal cavity. Aka compact bone. makes up nearly 80% of skeletal mass and is imperative to body structure and weight bearing because of its high resistance to bending and torsion.
Cancellous Bone
spongy bone or cancellous bone forms the inner layer of all bones. It consists of trabeculae, which are lamellae that are arranged as rods or plates.
Three types of Muscle
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Skeletal Muscle
Present around bones and joints, eyeballs, skin of face and neck. Voluntary nerve control. Striated
Cardiac Muscle
Present at the walls of the heart. Involuntary nerve control and striated.
Smooth Muscle
Present in the walls of hollow organs and blood vessels, skin and eyes. Smooth muscle (non-striated)
Anatomical position
Head and feet pointing forward, upper limbs by sides with palms facing forwards
Coronal plane
vertically through the body dividing front and back
Sagittal
vertically through the body dividing left and right
Transverse
horizontally through the body
Anterior
towards the front of the body
Ventral
towards front (belly)
Posterior
towards rear of the body
Dorsal
towards the back
Medial
towards the midline of the body
Lateral
away from the midline of the body
Superior
Above
Inferior
below
Cranial
towards the head
Caudal
towards the tail/feet
Rostral
towards the nose
Proximal
closer to a structure’s origin
Distal
further from a structure’s origin
Superificial
Close to the body surface
Deep
Further away from the body surface
