Introduction to Anatomy (Lecture 1)

Question 1

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 1

Made almost entirely from cells, they form the covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in glands.

Question 2

Connective Tissue

Answer 2

Tissue which connects, supports, binds or separates other tissues or organs

Question 3

Muscle

Answer 3

fibrous tissue in the body that can contract, move or maintain parts of the body

Question 4

Neural Tissue

Answer 4

Creates signal conduction throughout the body

Question 5

Epidermis

Answer 5

Epithelial tissue. The outermost layer of skin where dead cells are shed. There are no blood vessels. Hair, sweat glands and nails come from here.

Question 6

Dermis

Answer 6

Connective tissue. Contains collagen and elastic fibers, vessels, nerves and sensory receptors

Question 7

Cartilage

Answer 7

Firm, dense, connective tissue. It is found within joins, flexible parts of ears and nose. Little to no blood supply.

Question 8

Nerve

Answer 8

Conducts impulses between the brain and the rest of the body.

Question 9

Vessel

Answer 9

Tube with a Lumen

Question 10

Lumen

Answer 10

Hollow tube

Question 11

Vascular

Answer 11

refers to vessels

Question 12

Avascular

Answer 12

without vessels

Question 13

The three blood vessels

Answer 13

Arteries, veins and capillaries

Question 14

Viscera

Answer 14

Allows passages of air, liquids and solids to have temporary storage. E.g. stomach, heart, kidney, bladder. Can also be solid. Involved in the processing, secreting and excreting

Question 15

What does the Latin term ‘Viscus’ mean?

Answer 15

Internal Organs

Question 16

Joint

Answer 16

Where two bones meet. Held in place by ligaments

Question 17

Three types of joints

Answer 17

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Question 18

Fibrous Joint

Answer 18

Joined by fibrous connective tissue. Almost no movement. E.g. skull sutures

Question 19

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 19

connected by cartilage. has very little movement. e.g. inter-vertebral discs

Question 20

synovial joint

Answer 20

Ends of bone covered in cartilage, with a space between. Surrounded by a fluid-filled capsule. A lot of movement e.g. hip

Question 21

Cortical Bone

Answer 21

Cortical bone is the dense outer surface of bone that forms a protective layer around the internal cavity. Aka compact bone. makes up nearly 80% of skeletal mass and is imperative to body structure and weight bearing because of its high resistance to bending and torsion.

Question 22

Cancellous Bone

Answer 22

spongy bone or cancellous bone forms the inner layer of all bones. It consists of trabeculae, which are lamellae that are arranged as rods or plates.

Question 23

Three types of Muscle

Answer 23

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Question 24

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 24

Present around bones and joints, eyeballs, skin of face and neck. Voluntary nerve control. Striated

Question 25

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 25

Present at the walls of the heart. Involuntary nerve control and striated.

Question 26

Smooth Muscle

Answer 26

Present in the walls of hollow organs and blood vessels, skin and eyes. Smooth muscle (non-striated)

Question 27

Anatomical position

Answer 27

Head and feet pointing forward, upper limbs by sides with palms facing forwards

Question 28

Coronal plane

Answer 28

vertically through the body dividing front and back

Question 29

Sagittal

Answer 29

vertically through the body dividing left and right

Question 30

Transverse

Answer 30

horizontally through the body

Question 31

Anterior

Answer 31

towards the front of the body

Question 32

Ventral

Answer 32

towards front (belly)

Question 33

Posterior

Answer 33

towards rear of the body

Question 34

Dorsal

Answer 34

towards the back

Question 35

Medial

Answer 35

towards the midline of the body

Question 36

Lateral

Answer 36

away from the midline of the body

Question 37

Superior

Answer 37

Above

Question 38

Inferior

Answer 38

below

Question 39

Cranial

Answer 39

towards the head

Question 40

Caudal

Answer 40

towards the tail/feet

Question 41

Rostral

Answer 41

towards the nose

Question 42

Proximal

Answer 42

closer to a structure’s origin

Question 43

Distal

Answer 43

further from a structure’s origin

Question 44

Superificial

Answer 44

Close to the body surface

Question 45

Deep

Answer 45

Further away from the body surface