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1805 - Human Anatomy & Physiology > Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Position

A
  • standing upright
  • facing the observer at head level
  • eyes facing forward
  • feet flat on the floor
  • arms at the sides and palms turned forwards
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2
Q

Head

A

Cephalic

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3
Q

Forehead

A

Frontal

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4
Q

Eyes

A

Orbital

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5
Q

Nose

A

Nasal

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6
Q

Mouth

A

Oral

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7
Q

Cheeks

A

Buccal

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8
Q

Chin

A

Mental

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9
Q

Surrounds the brain

A

Cranial

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10
Q

Back of the head

A

Occipital

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11
Q

Ear

A

Auricular or Otic

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12
Q

Neck

A

Cervical

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13
Q

Shoulder

A

Deltoid

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14
Q

Arm

A

Brachial

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15
Q

Inner elbow Area

A

Antebrachial

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16
Q

Wrist

A

Carpal

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17
Q

Palm

A

Palmar

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18
Q

Elbow

A

Olecranal

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19
Q

Back of hand

A

Dorsal of the hand/manus

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20
Q

Hand

A

Manus

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21
Q

Fingers

A

Digits

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22
Q

Thumb

A

Pollex

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23
Q

Armpit

A

Axillary

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24
Q

Breast

A

Mammary

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25
Q

Chest

A

Pectoral

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26
Q

Sternum

A

Sternal

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27
Q

Lower Back

A

Lumbar

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28
Q

Triangular bone at the bottom of the spine, between the hipbones

A

Sacrum/sacral

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29
Q

Abdomen

A

Abdominal

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30
Q

Abdominal

A

Umbilical

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31
Q

Hip

A

Coxal

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32
Q

Groin

A

Inguinal

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33
Q

Buttocks

A

Gluteal

34
Q

Between anus ∧ external genitalia

A

Perineal

35
Q

Genital region

A

Pubic

36
Q

Thigh

A

Femoral

37
Q

Kneecap

A

Patellar

38
Q

Side of leg

A

Fibular or Peroneal

39
Q

Leg

A

Crural

40
Q

Dorsal of the Kneecap

A

Popliteal

41
Q

Calf

A

SUral

42
Q

Ankle

A

Tarsal

43
Q

Foot

A

Pedal

44
Q

Heel

A

Calcaneal

45
Q

Sole

A

Plantar

46
Q

Toes

A

Digits

47
Q

Big Toe

A

Hallux

48
Q

Towards the head

A

Superior (cranial)

E.g. the head is superior to the abdomen.

49
Q

Away from the head

A

Inferior (cadual)

E.g. The navel is inferior to the chin.

50
Q

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of.

A

Ventral (anterior)

E.g. The breastbone is anterior to the spine.

51
Q

Toward or at the back of the body; behind.

A

Dorsal (Posterior)

E.g. The heart is posterior to the spine.

52
Q

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side.

A

Medial

E.g. The heart is medial to the arm.

53
Q

Away from the midline of teh body; on the outer side.

A

Lateral

E.g. the arms are lateral to the chest.

54
Q

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

A

Intermediate

E.g. The collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder.

55
Q

Closest to the site of attachment

A

Proximal

E.g. The elbow is proximal to the wrist.

56
Q

Farther from the site of attachment.

A

Distal

E.g. The knee is distal to the thigh.

57
Q

Toward or at the body surface.

A

Superficial (External)

E.g. The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles

58
Q

Away from the body surface

A

Deep (internal)

E.g. The lungs are deep to the skin.

59
Q

Ventral and Anterior are synonymous to humans, but why not to 4 legged animals?

A

Anterior refers to the leading portion of the body, but ventral specifically refers to the “belly” of animals. Likewise, Dorsal and posterior.

60
Q

Define anatomy

A

anatomy is a study of structure.

61
Q

Define physiology

A

physiology is the study of body functions

62
Q

Define plane

A

imaginary flat surface that passes through the body

63
Q

Define Section

A

flat surface formed when the body is cut by a plane passing through it

64
Q

Define sagittal plane

A

Divides body vertically into left and right parts

65
Q

What sagittal plane lies on the median/midline

A

Midsaggital plane

66
Q

What sagittal plane does not lie on the midline

A

Parasagittal plane

67
Q

What plane divides the body vertically into anterior and posterior parts?

A

Frontal (coronal) plane

68
Q

Define Transverse (horizontal) plane

A

Divides body horizontally into superior and inferior parts.

69
Q

What is the coronal section good at looking at?

A

right and left side differences

- E.g. lungs

70
Q

What is transverse section good at looking at?

A

right and left side differences, but different angles.

71
Q

What is midsagittal section good for looking at?

A

Ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) comparisons.

72
Q

What is the dorsal body cavity made up of?

A

cranial and spinal or vertebral cavity.

73
Q

What is the ventral body cavity made up of?

A

thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

74
Q

What are the ventral subdivisions made of?

A

Thoracic:

  • 2x pleural
  • pericardial
  • superior mediastinal

Abdominopelvic :

  • abdominal (no bone protection)
  • pelvic
75
Q

What are the 9 abdominopelvic regions? and Where they’re located

A

R+L hypochondriac & epigastric region

R+L lumbar & umbilical region

R+L iliac & hypogastric region.

76
Q

What does each abdominopelvic region contain

A

R hypochondriac: liver, gallbladder, right kidney

Epigastric region:
stomach, liver, pancreas, right & left kidney

L Hypochondriac: stomach, liver (tip), left kidney, spleen

R Lumbar: liver (tip), small intestines, ascending colon, right kidney

Umbilical: stomach, pancreas, small intestines, transverse colon

L lumbar: small intestines, descending colon, left kidney

R iliac: small intestines, appendix, cecum & ascending colon

Hypogastric: small intestines, sigmoid colon, bladder

L iliac: small intestines, descending colon, sigmoid colon.

77
Q

What is homeostasis?

A
  • maintenance of internal environment.

- concentration of glucose, blood pressure & temperature.

78
Q

What is external stimuli?

A

heat/cold and food

79
Q

What is external stimuli?

A

Physical & psychological stress

80
Q

What are the 6 homeostasis control mechanism stages?

A
  1. Stimulus
  2. Receptor
  3. Receptor send input info to control center
  4. Control center
  5. Control center sends output to an effector
  6. Effector brings about the change
81
Q

What is negative feedback?

A
  • the effect of the stimulus is reversed or dampened.
  • most feedbacks in the body are negative
  • Shivering when cold.
82
Q

Positive feedback?

A

Same concept but the stimulus is enhanced

- Breast feeding.

1805 - Human Anatomy & Physiology (5 decks)

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